, 2001), PDMS–DVB (San Juan et al., 2007) and DVB–CAR–PDMS fibre (Lara-Gonzalo, Sánchez-Uría, Segovia-García, & Sanz-Medel, 2008) for the extraction of THMs from water. However, many authors agree that the CAR–PDMS fibre provides the best extraction efficiency. In this study, six types of fibres were investigated to extract THMs from a 10 mL soft drink sample spiked with 10 μg L−1 of each compound with the addition of 80 μL of NaOH 6 mol L−1. The extractions were carried out in triplicate for each fibre studied. The extraction time was 10 min at 20 °C with magnetic stirring speed BMS-354825 clinical trial of 500 rpm. The extraction efficiency of THMs increased in the following sequence

of fibres: PA 85 μm < PDMS 100 μm < CW–DVB 65 μm < PDMS–DVB Palbociclib manufacturer 65 μm < DVB–CAR–PDMS

50/30 μm < CAR–PDMS. The CAR–PDMS fibre clearly shows superior extraction efficiency in relation to the other fibres. This superiority can be attributed to the porous phase of carboxen that captures small analytes contained between two and twelve carbon atoms. Comparing with the second better fibre, CAR–PDMS is 2, 3 and 1.5-folds better than DVB–CAR–PDMS for CHCl3, CHCl2Br and CHClBr2, respectively. The CAR–PDMS fibre was selected and applied to other experiments. The extraction temperature effect on the THM extraction was performed in the range between 10 °C and 80 °C. Increasing the extraction temperature increases the diffusion of the analytes to the fibre surface. Consequently, the time necessary to reach the equilibrium of partition between the sample and extractor

phase is reduced. However, the sorption process is exothermic and high extraction temperatures can decrease the partition coefficient decreasing the mass of analytes extracted at equilibrium. Generally, an optimum extraction temperature can be observed during the SPME procedure (Budziak et al., 2007 and Jia et al., 1998). The best conditions are 20 °C for CHCl3, 30 °C for CHCl2Br, 50 °C for CHClBr2 and the response was similar Racecadotril for CHBr3 between 30 °C and 60 °C, already considering experimental errors. It can be observed that after 60 °C, the efficiency of THM extraction decays rapidly. For further studies an extraction temperature of 30 °C was selected for all analytes. The extraction of analytes can be affected by headspace volume in which each compound diffuses. The theory of SPME dictates that for greater sensitivity for the headspace extraction mode, the volume of the gaseous phase should be minimised. In this study the headspace volume was in the range of 15–39 mL (sample volume range of 25–1 mL) using 40 mL vials. The soft drink sample was spiked with 10 μg L−1 of each target analyte. Different volumes of NaOH were added according to the volume of the sample studied (until pH 6.1). The best extraction condition for all the THMs occurs using 20 mL of headspace volume (sample volume of 20 mL).