Authors who have compared samples from different age groups[20, 25, 30, 31] have observed that owing to hypomineralized enamel breakdown, as a result of chewing forces and possible caries development, older children present more severe defects than Atezolizumab clinical trial younger children. Only longitudinal studies of children with MIH would make it possible to measure the clinical changes in defects over time and to detect affected teeth among those that erupt later. Although some research has speculated on the importance of gender in MIH development[12, 32], the data obtained

in the present study agree with other authors[2, 3, 6, 7, 20, 25, 33-35], in finding no difference in MIH prevalence by sex. Despite being termed MIH, the definition of this defect already gives an indication that it mainly affects the permanent first molars. The permanent first molars and incisors begins to mineralize within a very short time of each other, so empirically

they could be expected to be similarly affected, as in chronological hypoplasia. However, like other previous results[15, 17, 25, 36, 37], this study confirms that the permanent first molars are more frequently affected and that one of the fundamental characteristics of MIH is its asymmetry. The different studies show different check details results for associations between the affected molars and incisors. Although some authors[1, 6, 7, 12, 15, 22, 27, 30, 34, 38, 39] have found a significant association between the number of molars affected and the presence of defects in incisors, the present study, like Jasulaityte et al.[25], and Kotsanos et al.[40], has found no statistically significant correlation between the number of molars and number of incisors affected, although it has been suggested a tendency for

more incisors to be affected as the severity of MIH in the permanent first molars increases. Besides the permanent first molars, the most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors and less frequently the Phosphoglycerate kinase maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular lateral incisors, as found in other studies[3, 22, 37, 38]. Unlike other studies[1, 6, 12, 30, 32, 33, 35, 40], the present study was unable to establish whether susceptibility to MIH is greater in the maxillary or mandibular teeth. In the present study, the mean number of teeth and molars affected was 3.5 and 2.4, respectively, similar to the findings of other studies with similar or more MIH prevalence rates[5, 6, 30], to others with far lower prevalence rates, between 5.6% and 9.7%[1, 7, 8], or even to the study conducted in China, where the prevalence of this defect in the population was 2.8%[12].