Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated

predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in various diseases including HIV infection [2-4]. We determined ENFD in HIV-infected Thai individuals without signs or symptoms of neuropathy prior to the initiation of first-time ARV therapy to investigate which factors were associated with lower ENFD and therefore might increase neuropathy risk following initiation of d4T-containing regimens. SP600125 mouse In addition to epidemiological and HIV-specific factors such as CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA, we assessed mitochondrial parameters based on the known role of mitochondrial toxicity in the pathogenesis of neuropathy following the use of potentially neurotoxic NRTIs such as d4T. This analysis utilized baseline data on subjects who were enrolled in SEARCH (South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii; www.searchthailand.org/) 003, a 150-patient, 72-week,

two-site ARV clinical trial in ARV-naïve subjects conducted in Thailand at the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRCARC) in Bangkok and at the Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital in Chonburi, Thailand (www.clinicaltrials.gov selleck screening library identification NCT00669487). SEARCH 003 compared, in a randomized fashion, rates of anaemia, lipoatrophy and neuropathy among three ARV regimens differing by NRTI backbone. Specifically, a backbone of 24 weeks of stavudine (d4T) followed by a switch to zidovudine (ZDV) was compared with continuous ZDV and with continuous tenofovir (TDF) for Org 27569 the entire 72-week duration of the study. Skin punch biopsies

and ENFD assessments were performed as elective procedures at baseline, week 24 and week 72 to allow an in-depth evaluation of neuropathy risk during ARV therapy. The baseline ENFD and its relationship to various parameters prior to initiation of ARV therapy are the topics of this report. The SEARCH 003 study was approved by the Chulalongkorn University Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital IRB as primary IRBs of record and by the University of Hawaii Committee on Human Subjects and the University of California San Francisco Committee for Human Research as secondary IRBs. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Entry criteria included documented HIV infection, age ≥18 years, CD4 lymphocyte count <350 cells/μL and ARV-naïve status except for women with past exposure to ARV associated with pregnancy who were allowed to enroll as long as the exposure was at least 3 months prior to entry. The study utilized an entry criterion of CD4 lymphocyte count <350 cells/μL to be consistent with Thai national guidelines for initiation of ARV therapy.