Oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, can shorten illness caused by influenza by up to 1.5 days if commenced within 48 hours of symptom onset, and it can therefore be used by travelers for presumptive self-treatment

of flulike symptoms. For some high-risk travelers, CH5424802 price oseltamivir prophylaxis may also be considered. This can be begun either on arrival at the destination or after a suspected exposure.30 However, there is no clear guidance on appropriate uses of antivirals among travelers, and opinion regarding specific indications may vary according to the predicted incidence, morbidity, and mortality of the annual circulating influenza species. Two factors that argue against the widespread use of oseltamivir by travelers are emerging resistance31,32 and the fact that travelers should be wary of self-treatment of influenza-like illnesses with antiviral medications alone, especially when traveling in malarious areas, as a malaria diagnosis should be considered in any febrile illness.30 Given the recent heightened interest in influenza, it is conceivable that now more than ever travelers (and non-travelers) might

respond to public health messages regarding influenza prevention, www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html or they might deliberately boycott such messages, claiming that public health and the industry exaggerated the risk of influenza. Devising suitable educational messages for travelers about influenza prevention requires information about their baseline influenza knowledge and their perspectives

regarding risk. The studies in this issue provide useful information regarding attitudes and practices to influenza prevention among travelers from the United States to Asia and business travelers, respectively.22,23 They also suggest that, in addition to more widely promoting WHO recommendations for general hygiene precautions for the prevention of influenza, guidelines for seasonal and novel influenza virus prevention need to be clarified internationally. Ideally there should be uniform guidance among international advisory P-type ATPase groups, focusing on both traveler vaccination and on carriage and use of antiviral medications. P. A. L. has received fees for consulting and/or serving on an advisory board from GSK and was paid travel to attend symposia and/or conferences by GSK and Sanofi Pasteur. K. L. states she has no conflicts of interest to declare. “
“Background. Many countries with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection also have substantial Muslim populations. HIV-infected patients who travel to Hajj in Saudi-Arabia may encounter challenges regarding their anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods.