Conclusion : This study suggests direct AZD2281 supplier evidence of regulatory T cells particularly

in EBV positive Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and a pivotal role of these cells in controlling the immune response in the context of viral infection. These results will provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance and escape, and yield novel approaches to therapy of cancer. O49 CT-011, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody, Interacts with the PD-1 Akt inhibitor receptor and Modulates Survival and Trafficking Signals in Effector/memory T Lymphocytes Rinat Rotem-Yehudar 1 , Galina Rodionov1, Shimon Landes1 1 CureTech Ltd., Yavne, Israel Introduction: PD-1 (Program Death-1), an immune inhibitory receptor and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, participate in peripheral tolerance and play key role in immune suppression and evasion mechanisms in a variety of human malignancies. PD-1 inhibits activation signals and functions as a pro-apoptotic receptor in effector lymphocytes. CT-011 is a humanized

monoclonal antibody that interacts with PD-1 and modulates the immune response eliciting effective activities of T and NK cells against experimental targets click here in cultures and in animal tumor models. CT-011 completed a Phase I single dose, dose escalation clinical study in patients with advanced stage hematological malignancies demonstrating acceptable safety and tolerability at all tested dosage levels and clinical beneficial responses in 33% of the patients including 1 pt with CR, 4 pts with DS and 1 pt with MR. Results: Here we demonstrate that CT-011 binds a conserved epitope on the PD-1 receptor and blocks its function. CT-011 (1ug/ml) inhibits spontaneous or FAS-mediated cell death processes and enhances the survival of human antigen- challenged effector/memory CD4+CD45RO+lymphocytes via the PI3K pathway. Consistent with its enhancing effect on lymphocyte survival, the antibody increases the intracellular levels of BclXL, a survival protein and reduces DNA Synthesis inhibitor the levels of activated caspase 8 in CD4+CD45RO+ but not in CD4+CD45RO- suggesting that it modulates two apparently separated apoptotic pathways

in specific subsets of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, antigen- challenged CD4+CD45RO+lymphocytes incubated in the presence of CT-011 (1ug/ml) have shown increased trafficking in SDF-1 gradient in a chemotaxis test, noted even at high concentration levels of SDF-1 (500 ng/ml). Conclusions: CT-011 binds a unique conserved epitope on the PD-1 receptor and blocks its activity. This specific interaction results in intracellular signaling affecting the survival and trafficking properties of antigen-challenged effector/memory CD4+CD45RO+ lymphocytes. The function of PD-1 and PD-L1 has been demonstrated to be one of the leading causes of immune suppression in cancer patients. Accordingly, CT-011 is being studied in several malignancies, including, Phase II clinical studies in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and metastatic colorectal cancer.