The pellet was suspended in an appropriate volume of HBSS in order to obtain a final concentration of ~ 600 CFU/μl (~ 6 × 10 exp 4 CFU/well”). Bacteria were then diluted 1/2 in HBSS + % normal rabbit serum (Sigma) and dispensed in plates. The effector cells to GBS cells ratio varied from 25:1 to 40:1. The reaction plate was incubated for 1 h at 37 °C with shaking at 300 rpm by a Thermomixer (Eppendorf). T0 reactions were diluted 1/100 in sterile water by the aid of an electronic

multichannel pipette. T60 reactions were diluted 1/20 and 1/200 in sterile water. Ten microliters of each dilution were then plated in trypticase soy agar plate + 5% blood sheep (Particle Measuring Systems) and plates were incubated over night at 37 °C + 5% CO2 in order to determine bacterial–counts at T0 and T60. The OPA titer was expressed as the reciprocal serum dilution leading to 50% killing of bacteria, and percent of GSK1120212 chemical structure killing was calculated as follows: killing (%) = [(mean CFU at T0 − mean CFU at T60)/mean CFU at T0] 100. The reaction was performed in 96 well polypropylene microtiter plates (Nunc) in a total volume of 125 μl. Heat inactivated serum samples (12.5 μl), 25 μl of pHrodo™ labeled bacteria (1 × 107 bacteria/well)75 μl of differentiated HL-60 cells (1 × 106 cells/well) and 12.5 μl

of 10% baby rabbit complement were mixed. Positive and negative Roxadustat solubility dmso controls followed the same scheme as for the kOPA. The plate was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min and shaking (600 rpm). After incubation, the plate was centrifuged at 1300 rpm for 5 min at 4 °C, the supernatant was discarded and the pellet was washed with 200 μl of PBS. A mixture of LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Stain Kit for 405 nm excitation (Invitrogen) (final concentration 0.5 μg/ml), V450-anti-human CD11b (BD Horizon, final concentration 4 μg/ml) and FITC-anti-human CD35 (BD Pharmingen, final concentration 2.5 μg/ml) were added to each well for a total volume of 50 μl. The plate was incubated for 30 min at 4 °C in the dark. After washing with PBS, cells were suspended in 130 μl

of PBS and samples were analyzed by FACS Canto II flow cytometer equipped with High Throughput System custom Protein kinase N1 refrigerated at 2–8 °C. Phagocytosis was expressed as: A) Phagocytic activity: mean fluorescent intensity (MFI); B) Percentage of phagocytosis: (number of cells taking up particles) / (total cell number analyzed). fOPA titers were calculated as the reciprocal of the serum dilution corresponding to the cut off value (twice the mean phagocytic activity in negative controls). Samples were acquired on FACS Canto II flow cytometer equipped with 3-laser system (405, 488, 633 nm), eight color configuration and BD FACS Diva™ v6.1.3 software. The cytometer was checked daily by the Rainbow set up beads (BD Biosciences).