This analysis has a number of strengths, including a

large and diverse sample size and data pooled from patients Pomalidomide concentration treated in a randomized, double-blind design. However, it is important to emphasize a number of limitations. First, as noted above, patients who are enrolled in clinical trials differ from the general population of PTSD patients in important ways, and within each trial there may be further particularities, such as the set of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical traumas to which subjects were exposed. Second, there was insufficient power to analyze the response of symptom clusters to sertraline treatment (a sertraline arm was included in only one of the studies). Third, because no actual assessment of neurotransmitter activity was conducted, any explanation of how these results relate to the mechanism of action of venlafaxine ER is speculative. Despite these limitations and the preliminary nature of these analyses, the results Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the current factor analysis, in the context of the treatment response analysis, support the efficacy Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of venlafaxine

ER for improving all PTSD symptom clusters that are relevant to this patient population. Additional work is needed to confirm the factor structure found here in more representative samples, to determine the underlying psychobiological mechanisms of PTSD symptom factors, and to determine whether these have a differential treatment response. Conclusions This factor analysis of PTSD symptoms suggests

an alternate three-factor model Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that differs from the three-factor model described in the DSM-IV. The data here are consistent with a literature that has failed to confirm the three-factor structure of DSM-IV PTSD, and that has suggested that key symptom clusters in PTSD are reexperiencing, avoidance, arousal, and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical negative changes in mood and cognition. Furthermore, these analyses provide additional support for the efficacy of venlafaxine ER for treating PTSD by demonstrating a significant treatment effect on the symptoms in the DSM-IV three-factor model and the newly identified three-factor model. Acknowledgments This analysis was supported by Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, which was acquired by Pfizer Inc, in October 2009. Medical writing support for this manuscript was funded by Wyeth and was provided by Dennis Stancavish, MA, and Traci Stuve, MA, of Embryon, LLC, a division unless of Advanced Health Media, LLC. Editorial support was provided by Abegale Templar, Ph.D., of Engage Scientific and funded by Pfizer Inc. Conflict of Interest D. J. Stein has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from Abbott, Astrazeneca, Biocodex, Eli-Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Lundbeck, Orion, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia, Roche, Servier, Solvay, Sumitomo, Takeda, Tikvah, and Wyeth. J. R. T.