2A) and motor time (Fig. 2B). Whereas 30 subjects (12.4%) have a moderate improvement in their reaction time at Tmax, most subjects show a delay in their reaction time

with a maximum of 386 milliseconds (183% compared with the average basal value). Interestingly, the distribution of the effects of alcohol in reaction time is bimodal. Regarding motor time, a bimodal distribution also can be observed (Fig. 2B). Improvement in the motor times at peak ethanol concentrations was observed in 78 individuals (31.2%), but most subjects have a delay, with a maximum Bortezomib research buy of 170 milliseconds (over 200% compared with basal values). No sex-related differences were observed in the bimodal distribution for reaction or motor times. Ethanol drinking habits

did not influence reaction or motor times. The extent of delays in the reaction and motor times were not related to the peak ethanol concentration (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.373 and 0.170, respectively) or to any other pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed in this study, indicating that factors other than ethanol concentration or pharmacokinetics selleck products contribute to the interindividual variability in ethanol effect. Table 4 summarizes the polymorphism for ethanol-metabolizing enzymes analyzed in the current study. Regarding the ADH1B gene, two of the four SNPs analyzed, namely Asn57Lys and Arg370Cys, were monomorphic in the population study. Because major ADH1B alleles are defined by the presence or absence of the SNPs in positions 48 and 370, and because the SNP in 370 was monomorphic find more in the population study, the variant alleles ADH1B*1 (Arg48, Arg370) and ADH1B*2 (His48, Arg370), but not ADH1B*3 (Arg48, Cys370), were identified in the population study. In addition, the SNP Thr60Ser proved to be polymorphic

in the population study; eight individuals were heterozygous for this SNP, and all of them had the haplotype His48+Ser60. The observed frequency for the Arg48His SNPs is in concordance with that reported for white subjects.18, 19 No previous studies analyzed the SNP Thr60Ser, but the allele frequencies observed in the current study are consistent with those reported in public databases for white individuals (see the website http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=6413413). Regarding the ADH1C gene, three of the six SNPs analyzed, namely Arg48His, Pro166Ser, and Pro352Thr, were monomorphic in the population study (Table 4). Although no published studies have analyzed the occurrence of these SNPs in white subjects, these findings are in agreement with the absence or extremely rare occurrence of these SNPs in public databases for white subjects (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?chooseRs=coding&go=Go&locusId=126).