5, 1 5 and 3 mg/L, respectively (Figure 3, A4-C4)) The sampling

5, 1.5 and 3 mg/L, respectively (Figure 3, A4-C4)). The sampling time points for exponential and stationary phase cultures, which were grown with addded 280 mg NO2 –N/L were 95 hr, and

143 hr, respectively (Figure 4, D4). Acknowledgements This study was co-supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Water Environment Research Foundation. References 1. Wood PM: Nitrification as a bacterial energy source. In Nitrification, Special Publications of the Society for General Microbiology. Volume 20. Edited by: Prosser JI. Oxford: IRL Press; 1986:39–62. 2. Ahn JH, Yu R, Chandran K: Distinctive microbial ecology and selleck biokinetics of autotrophic ammonia and nitrite oxidation in a partial nitrification bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008,100(6):1078–1087.PubMedCrossRef 3. Arp DJ, Chain PSG, Klotz Thiazovivin order MG: The impact of genome analyses on our understanding of ammonia-oxidizing ARRY-438162 cell line bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 2007.,61(1): 4. Watson SW, Bock E, Harms H, Koops H-P, Hooper AB: Nitrifying Bacteria. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Baltimore, MD: Williams

& Wilkins; 1989. 5. Hooper AB, Vannelli T, Bergmann DJ, Arciero DM: Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1997, 71:59–67.PubMedCrossRef 6. Poth M, Focht DD: 15N Kinetic analysis of N 2 O production by Nitrosomonas europaea : An examination of nitrifier denitrification. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985,49(5):1134–1141.PubMed 7. Beaumont HJE, van Schooten B, Lens SI, Westerhoff HV, van Spanning RJM: Nitrosomonas europaea expresses a nitric oxide reductase during nitrification. J Bacteriol 2004,186(13):4417–4421.PubMedCrossRef 8. Schmidt I, Steenbakkers PJM, op den Camp HJM, Schmidt K, Jetten MSM: Physiologic and proteomic

evidence for a role of nitric oxide in biofilm formation by Nitrosomonas europaea and other ammonia oxidizers. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:2781–2788.PubMedCrossRef 9. Beaumont HJE, Lens SI, Reijinders WNM, Westerhoff HV, van Spanning RJM: Expression of nitrite reductase in Nitrosomonas europaea involves NsrR, a novel nitrite-sensitive transcription repressor. Mol Microbiol 2004.,54(1): 10. Bock E: Nitrogen loss caused by denitrifying Nitrosomonas cells using ammonium or hydrogen as electron donors and nitrite as electron acceptor. Arch Microbiol BCKDHB 1995, 163:16–20.CrossRef 11. Kester RA, de Boer W, Laanbroek HJ: Production of NO and N 2 O by pure cultures of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria during changes in aeration. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997, 63:3872–3877.PubMed 12. Stein LY, Arp DJ: Ammonium limitation results in the loss of ammonia-oxidizing activity in Nitrosomonas europaea . Appl Environ Microbiol 1998,64(4):1514–1521.PubMed 13. Korner H, Zumft WG: Expression of denitrification enzymes in response to the dissolved oxygen level and respiratory substrate in continuous culture of Pseudomonas stutzeri . Appl Environ Microbiol 1989, 55:1670–1676.PubMed 14.

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