After 8 h at 40 °C, MVeGFP formulated in formulations C and H suffered <1.0 log loss while the commercial measles vaccines, Attenuvax® and M-VAC™, decreased KRX-0401 supplier by 1.4 logs (1.35–1.53) and 1.9 logs (1.67–2.19), respectively. Assessment

of the formulations by the traditional plaque assay closely correlated with the results of the MVeGFP accelerated degradation assay (Fig. 4b). Overall, the rank order of formulation stability is identical for both methods, supporting the validity of the HT screening strategy. MVeGFP was used as a surrogate for the HT screens because fluorescence is an easily quantifiable endpoint. The most promising formulations were validated using the same non-recombinant measles strains used in commercial vaccines, Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ, used in M-VAC™ from Serum Institute of India) and Moraten (used in Attenuvax® from Merck). Attenuvax and formulated Moraten were thermally challenged at 40 °C for up to 8 h, and infection was quantified following Cellomics data acquisition using the existing MVeGFP algorithm via

an immunofluorescence assay utilizing a FITC-conjugated anti-measles antibody (Fig. 4c). Attenuvax loses 1.0 log (90% counts) of activity after 8 h while formulations A and C only experience Birinapant solubility dmso a ∼0.6 log loss. The tricine-based formulation H exhibited the greatest thermostability, losing only 0.35 log, similar to the results seen with MVeGFP. Interestingly, MVeGFP appears to be less thermally stable than Moraten in the other common formulations. Finally, the most promising formulations were combined with EZ vaccine strain virus, challenged at 40 °C for 4 h, and titered using a plaque assay (Fig. 4d). Non-challenged, formulated virus was

used as a control to calculate log loss and the plaque assay data again supports the HT screening data. The lead candidate formulations are highly stabilizing with no significant loss in activity, whereas the commercial M-VAC™ vaccine suffers >1 log loss. These infectivity data suggest that the two vaccine strains, Moraten and EZ, have differential inherent thermal stability (e.g. formulation C in Fig. 4c vs. d) as has been suggested previously [37] and [38] which Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase may result in slightly different behaviors in the same formulation. It is also important to note that while vaccine-strain virus has been used to validate candidate formulations, manufacturing conditions for the commercial vaccines may affect viral stability. For example, it has been reported that the level of cytopathic effect during viral harvest can affect the thermal stability of virus [37]. As proof of concept of broad transferability of the formulation stability screening platform to non-related viruses, the screening process was applied to adenovirus expressing eGFP (Ad-eGFP). A linear response to increasing viral titer was seen with RSDs of 10–20% (Fig. 4e) showing that the assay has similar performance characteristics using either measles or adenovirus.