Categorization, verification, and consolidation were completed within 3 months and on a C$10 000 budget.”
“We report data from experiments on orthographic and phonological coding in two patients with attentional dyslexia following bilateral parietal damage. Two experiments required the patients to carry out lexical decisions and we varied

whether the nonwords were orthographically or phonologically similar to real words. Experiment 1 showed that the patients were sensitive to the orthographic relations between nonwords and words, as they tended to accept as words nonwords whose letters could migrate within the string to form a word. There were no effects of phonological similarity between the nonwords and the words. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the patients were less likely to

Daporinad concentration accept nonwords as words if the word had to be formed by transposing the first two letters in the string. The data suggest that attentional dyslexics are primarily sensitive to orthographic similarity between words and nonwords, and also that the first letters have privileged coding of their locations, despite the patients being poor at coding letter positions. The implications for theories of visual word recognition are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder selleck screening library that classically presents with motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. However, other abnormalities also occur in this condition, notably deficient recognition of facial emotional expressions. Deficits in emotion recognition impact significantly on the lives of HD patients

and their families and thus it is important to clarify the onset and pattern of impairment. This study investigated facial emotion recognition in a large cohort of early HD patients, and premanifest gene-carriers. We used DAPT voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine the neuroanatomical correlates of emotion recognition performance. Forty patients with early HID, 21 premanifest gene carriers and 20 controls were assessed using 24 faces from the Ekman Pictures of Facial Affect, and volumetric brain MRI. The HD group was significantly worse than controls at recognising, surprise, disgust, anger and fear, and worse than the premanifest group at recognising disgust and anger. When patient data were expressed as z-scores, recognition of anger was significantly worse than disgust in the early HID group. In the VBM analysis, these deficits were associated with common regional atrophy: impaired recognition of surprise, disgust, anger and fear were all associated with striatal volume loss. Fear was associated with additional atrophy of the right insula and left and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex.

Even in early HID there is a wide-ranging impairment in recognition of negative emotions denoting ‘threat’.