Emotion processing task Participants viewed 90 pictures selected

Emotion processing task Participants viewed 90 pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang et al. 2008). With regard to normative ratings of valence and arousal for females, emotional images were grouped into three valence categories: negative, neutral, and positive, with all images high on arousal levels in order to maximize the impact on underlying emotional circuitry. As a result of the high arousal ratings, the neutral category was renamed as “interesting.”

The inclusion of the interesting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical category allows for the arousal between valence categories to be controlled such that the emotional images vary across valence, but not arousal. No Ku-0059436 significant differences were found between any category for brightness

and contrast. Stimuli were presented in nine blocks consisting of 10 images of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the same valence category. The order of block presentation was pseudo-randomized to avoid consecutive presentation of blocks with similar valence. Each image was presented for 6 sec, followed by a 3-sec fixation cross and a 3-sec nonemotional landscape image. Images were back-projected onto a screen via an LCD video projector and were viewed by subjects through a mirror fixed to the scanner’s head coil. Participants were instructed to simply pay attention to the images on the screen and to avoid regulating their immediate response to emotional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical content. fMRI acquisition parameters Imaging was performed using a 3.0 T Siemens Trio scanner. Thirty-six consecutive axial slices (4-mm thickness) parallel to the anterior–posterior commissure covering the whole brain were imaged using a T2*-weighted gradient echo EPI sequence (echo

time [TE] = 32 msec; repetition time [TR] = 3000 msec; matrix = 64 × 64; flip angle = 90°). The field of view was 240 mm and the effective in plane functional spatial resolution was 3.75 mm. For each functional run, 360 volumes were collected after discarding Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the first six. For anatomical reference, high-resolution whole-brain images were also acquired: TR = 1570 msec; TE = 3.22 msec; flip angle = 15°; matrix 512 × 512 × 192 mm. Movement was minimized with padding, and an fMRI compatible eye movement system was used to ensure Brefeldin_A that participants attended to the stimuli and did not close their eyes during the experiment. Participant characteristics and IAPS ratings We tested for group differences in age, menstrual phase, hormonal birth control use, handedness, education, and depression (PHQ-9; Kroenke et al. 2001) and anxiety (GAD-7; Spitzer et al. 2006) symptoms. This was performed to ensure sample homogeneity between 5-HTTLPR × BDNF Val66Met groupings and to avoid potential confounding factors. Due to logistical constraints, estradiol and progesterone levels could not be measured. In order to prevent interference of online ratings during emotion processing (see Phan et al.

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