Dual substance users, alcohol and cannabis, within the college student demographic.
= 341;
Over a two-part data collection period spanning 56 days, a 198-year-old individual, identified as 513% female and 748% White, diligently completed five daily surveys. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were utilized to explore the impact of the type of substance used daily on specific negative consequences, accounting for consumption and other relevant variables.
Compared to days of alcohol-only use and alcohol-cannabis co-use, cannabis-only days were associated with a lower probability of experiencing hangovers, blackouts, nausea/vomiting, injuries, rude/aggressive behaviors, and unwanted sexual experiences. Relative to days of alcohol-only use, cannabis-only days and days involving a combination of alcohol and cannabis were linked to a higher chance of driving while intoxicated. Ultimately, days featuring alcohol use alone showed a larger probability for hangovers, when contrasted against co-use days.
Days dedicated to distinct substance use types correlated with unique consequences. Rather than cannabis use, alcohol consumption appears to be the primary cause of the negative co-use consequences investigated in this study. It was also determined from the results that these young adults exhibited a higher rate of support for driving while under the influence of cannabis rather than alcohol. Interventions for co-use situations involving alcohol should prioritize reducing negative effects including blackouts, injury, unacceptable behavior, unwanted sexual encounters, and emphasize the dangers of cannabis-impaired driving.
Specific consequences varied considerably amongst days that experienced different forms of substance use. The examined negative co-use consequences here primarily appear to stem from alcohol consumption, not cannabis use. OPNexpressioninhibitor1 The research findings pointed towards a stronger association between these young adults and the endorsement of driving under the influence of cannabis, over alcohol. Co-use interventions should address alcohol intake to lessen the repercussions, including blackouts, injuries, inappropriate conduct, unwanted sexual situations, and strongly emphasize the hazards of cannabis-influenced driving.

Though alcohol enforcement is pivotal in mitigating alcohol-related problems, there's limited scholarly examination of alcohol enforcement initiatives, particularly in a longitudinal context. At two distinct points in time, we evaluated the frequency of alcohol-related law enforcement tactics.
Of the U.S. local law enforcement agencies (police and sheriff's departments), a 2010 sample of which comprised 1028 agencies, 742 responded to a 2019 resampling, indicating a 72% response rate. We investigated the transformations in alcohol law enforcement plans and priorities across three segments: (1) driving under the influence of alcohol, (2) dispensing alcoholic beverages to overtly intoxicated patrons (i.e., over-serving), and (3) alcohol consumption among minors.
Agencies' reports highlight a shift in priority from 2010 to 2019, with increased focus on alcohol-impaired driving and overservice enforcement. Our analysis of alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategies revealed an increasing use of saturation patrols and the enforcement of laws prohibiting open containers of alcohol in vehicles, contrasting with the lack of any such increase in the employment of sobriety checkpoints. Approximately 25% of the agencies enforced regulations concerning overservice during the two-year period. Strategies focused on underage drinking saw a consistent reduction in enforcement efforts, shifting towards intervening with underage drinkers instead of alcohol vendors (stores, adults) in both years observed.
The reported emphasis on alcohol enforcement failed to yield corresponding improvements in enforcement across most strategic areas, which continued to experience low levels or decreases. More agencies should consider implementing alcohol control strategies, which prioritize the suppliers of alcohol to minors rather than directly targeting underage drinkers, as well as increasing awareness and enforcing restrictions on selling alcohol to demonstrably intoxicated patrons. OPNexpressioninhibitor1 These tactics offer the potential to decrease the health and safety risks arising from substantial alcohol use.
Alcohol enforcement may be prioritized, but reported agency actions show a consistent pattern of low or decreasing enforcement in other strategies, according to the latest reports. To improve alcohol control, a greater number of agencies should implement strategies focused on restricting alcohol supply to minors, rather than targeting underage drinking alone, and include heightened awareness and strict enforcement of alcohol sales to visibly intoxicated patrons. These methods, when strategically employed, have the capacity to diminish the health and safety repercussions of overindulgence in alcohol.

Combined alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) is correlated with increased alcohol and marijuana use and heightened negative consequences, but the social, physical, and temporal factors contributing to this phenomenon are not well documented.
Young adults (N=409, including 512% female and 491% White Non-Hispanic individuals) who used SAM in the previous month participated in up to 14 daily surveys, segmented into five distinct survey periods. The surveys sought to analyze SAM use, its associated negative impacts, and its relationship with social, physical, and temporal contexts. Multilevel modeling methods were employed to determine how SAM use settings impacted both the amount of alcohol/marijuana consumed and the outcomes associated with their use.
Individuals in a solitary social setting experienced a lower level of alcoholic beverage consumption than those interacting with others. Employing physical settings encompassing both domestic and extra-domestic environments (in contrast to solely domestic settings) correlated with greater quantities of alcohol and marijuana consumption, and more adverse effects (but not after accounting for alcohol consumption levels); solely using external locales (compared to solely home-based activities) was linked to increased alcohol use, more alcohol-related repercussions (but not after adjusting for alcohol amounts), and fewer marijuana-related consequences (even after adjusting for marijuana usage). Initiation of SAM use before 6 PM, in comparison to after 9 PM, demonstrated a relationship with larger amounts of alcohol and marijuana use and more adverse results from marijuana use (though this relationship disappeared after controlling for the number of hours spent high).
Experiences of alcohol/marijuana consumption by SAM, along with the associated consequences, are generally amplified when engaging with others outside the home in the earlier part of the evening.
SAM's use of alcohol and marijuana is often intensified in situations involving social interaction, specifically outside of the home and during the earlier evening hours, which may lead to more significant negative outcomes.

Starting in November 2019, Ireland has undertaken the task of curtailing alcohol advertisements in locations like movie theaters, open-air settings (especially close to schools), and on public transit. Although awareness of such promotional material lessened a year after the restrictions, the various strategies to curb COVID-19 transmission rendered the interpretation of the data ambiguous. This research examines shifts in awareness levels two years after the loosening of COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland and benchmarks these changes against those in Northern Ireland, where constraints remained.
Cross-sectional surveys of adults, recruited from non-probability online panels, will be repeated three times in Ireland, the first in October 2019 (pre-restrictions), followed by waves in October 2020 and 2021 (post-restrictions).
A total of 3029 cases were reported in the United Kingdom from October 2020 through 2021, accompanied by two cases in Northern Ireland during the same timeframe.
With a deep focus on precision and a meticulous nature, this item necessitates careful and detailed consideration. Thirteenth alcohol marketing campaign awareness in the last month, encompassing public transport, cinema, and outdoor advertising, was self-reported by participants (coded as 'Any awareness,' 'No awareness,' or 'Not sure').
Regarding reporting past-month awareness in Ireland, the absence of such reporting is significant. In 2021 and 2020, the overall performance of restricted advertising activities, including public transport advertisements (2021 versus 2019), exceeded 2019's figures.
A considerable difference was found (estimate 188, 95% confidence interval of 153-232). A study of wave-jurisdiction interaction indicated that 2021 saw a change in the likelihood of reporting no awareness of public transport and cinema advertising in the previous month compared to 2020. Even with the improved opportunities for exposure in both Ireland and Northern Ireland stemming from reduced pandemic measures, Ireland's numbers were nevertheless higher. No interaction was observed in outdoor advertising, indicating that jurisdictional variations did not affect trends between waves.
Awareness of alcohol advertising in Irish cinemas and public transport has decreased over the past month due to recent restrictions, but outdoor advertising remains unaffected. OPNexpressioninhibitor1 Regular monitoring is a prerequisite.
Past-month awareness of alcohol advertising, decreased by Ireland's restrictions, is evident in cinemas and on public transport, but not in outdoor spaces. Ongoing observation is critical.

A digital Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (d-AUDIT) was scrutinized for its factorial structure and ability to diagnose excessive drinking in primary care settings.
Employing a cross-sectional design, we studied 330 individuals, aged 18 and older, who had consumed alcohol six or more times in the preceding year, at two Santiago, Chile primary care centers. Originating from a validated Chilean on-paper version, the d-AUDIT was designed for self-administration on seven-inch tablets.