Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes), Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenicus are recognized as major pathogens associated with uterine endometrial lesions. The objective of this study was to identify these pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a culture-independent sensitive method. A total of 172 cows were examined 25-35days post-partum,

and 128 cows were examined at 2weeks later (39-49days post-partum). Uterine discharges were collected by covered plastic infusion pipettes. The prevalence of endometritis was greater in the first examination than the second (35.5% vs. 16%). E.coli was detected in eight of the samples, T.pyogenes was detected in 13 of the samples and F.necrophorum was detected in 11 of the samples. There was no positive sample of P.melaninogenicus. LY2835219 mw Uterine contamination by T.pyogenes

and F.necrophorum in the first examination was higher than the second examination. T.pyogenes affected as a tendency the prevalence of clinical endometritis in first examination. Primiparous cows showed 4.02 times higher odds of clinical endometritis compared with second-parity cows in first examination. A multiplex PCR protocol as a simple, less expensive, fast assay was introduced to identify E.coli, T.pyogenes and F.necrophorum.”
“Contents Follicular wave emergence was synchronized by treating camels with GnRH when a dominant follicle (DF) was present in the ovaries. Animals were scanned twice a day from day 0 (day of GnRH treatment) to day 10, to characterize CA3 cell line emergence and deviation of follicles during the development of the follicular wave. Follicle deviation in individual animals was determined by graphical method. Single DFs were found in 16, double click here DFs in 9 and triple DFs in two

camels. The incidence of codominant (double and triple DFs) follicles was 41%. The interval from GnRH treatment to wave emergence, wave emergence to deviation, diameter and growth rate of F1 follicle before or after deviation did not differ between the animals with single and double DFs. The size difference between future DF(s) and the largest subordinate follicle (SF) was apparent from the day of wave emergence in single and double DFs. Overall, interval from GnRH treatment to wave emergence and wave emergence to the beginning of follicle deviation was 70.6 +/- 1.4 and 58.6 +/- 2.7h, respectively. Mean size of the DF and largest SF at the beginning of deviation was 7.4 +/- 0.2 and 6.3 +/- 0.1mm, respectively. In conclusion, the characteristics of follicle deviation are similar between the animals that developed single or double DFs.”
“Objectives. We aimed to quantify children’s levels of pain and fear during needle puncture procedures in a context where intravenous sedation-analgesia seems to be effective for pain and anxiety relief.