Figure 2 Top-(a,b,c,d) and side-view (e,f,g,h) SEM images of SERS substrates CW50, CW200, CW300, and CW400, respectively. Figure 3 Comparison of substrates and neat benzene thiol, average EFs and gap sizes, JNJ-64619178 ic50 Spatial EPZ015938 mw mapping, and COMSOL simulations. (a) Comparison

of the SERS of substrates CW300 (red), Klarite® (green), and neat Raman spectra (black) of benzene thiol collected at 785-nm incident. The number of molecules of benzene thiol that each measurement is probing is denoted in the figure. Inset: zoomed-in region of the spectra showing the three primary modes located near 1,000/cm, with the 998/cm used for calculation of the SERS enhancement factor. Note that the SERS of the Klarite® substrate and the neat spectra have been multiplied by a factor of 100 for easier direct comparison. (b) Average EFs (black open squares) and gap sizes between neighboring nanopillars (red open rhombuses) as function of gold film thickness deposited on the cicada wing. (c) Spatial mapping of the SERS intensity at 998/cm of SERS substrate CW300 over an area larger than 20 μm × 20 μm. The background is the optical reflection image of substrate CW300 photographed through a microscope with a × 50 objective. (d) COMSOL simulations

of SERS enhancement (black dash) and the mean of experimental average EFs (red squares) as function of gap size between neighboring nanopillars. All date points are normalized to the corresponding value of SERS Avapritinib enhancement of CW50. SERS spectra measurement and EFs calculation To characterize the SERS performance of our substrates, benzene thiol was used as the probe molecule. And commercial Klarite® substrates were used as reference samples. Oxalosuccinic acid The Klarite® SERS substrate consists of a gold-coated textured silicon (regular arrays of inverted pyramids of 1.5-μm wide and 0.7-μm deep) mounted on a glass microscope slide. All of the substrates (including Klarite® substrates) were immersed in a 1 × 10-3 M solution of benzene thiol in ethanol for approximately 18 h and were subsequently rinsed with ethanol

and dried with nitrogen to ensure that a complete self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was formed on the substrate surface. All the Raman spectra were recorded with a confocal Raman spectroscopic system (model inVia, Renishaw Hong Kong Ltd., Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, China). The spectrograph uses 1,200 g/mm gratings, a 785-nm laser, and a SynchroScan type camera. The incident laser power for different SERS substrates were not the same because of the huge difference of the Raman sensitivity among the substrates. The incident laser power was set to be 0.5 mW for CW350 to CW400 and 0.1 mW for CW50 to CW100 and Klarite® substrates 0.05 mW for CW150 to CW200 and 0.005 mW for CW250 to CW300. All the SERS spectra were collected using a × 50, NA = 0.5, long working distance objective. The laser spot size is about 2 μm.