First, POLG I missense mutations have been found in patients with familial parkinsonism and mitochondrial myopathy. Second, increased frequency of rare alleles of the POLG1 CAG-repeat (poly-Q) has been found in Finnish idiopathic apparently sporadic PD patients, but conflicting reports exist. The POLG1 poly-Q exhibits one major allele with 10 repeats (10Q, frequency >= 80%) and several less common alleles such as 11Q (frequency 6-9%), 6Q-9Q and 12Q-14Q (frequencies <4%). It is not known, whether the poly-Q variation modulates POLG1 function.

Here we sequenced the poly-Q in 641 North American Caucasian PD patients and 292 controls. Caucasian literature controls were also used. Normal allele was defined either as 10/11Q

or as 10Q according to the previous literature. The frequency of the non-10/11Q alleles in cases was not significantly different from the controls. Variant alleles defined as non-10Q were significantly Rabusertib manufacturer increased in the PD patients compared to the North American controls (17.6% vs. 12.3%, p=0.004) as well as compared to the larger set of 897 controls (17.6% vs. 13.2%, p=0.0007). These results suggest that POLG1 poly-Q alleles other than the conserved 10Q allele may increase susceptibility to PD. This finding may be attributable to a beneficial function of the 10Q repeat protein or linkage disequilibrium between the 10Q allele and another variation click here within or close to POLG1. Other large case-control studies and analyses on functional differences of POLG1 poly-Q variants are warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims:

The main aims of this study were to clone and express flagellin flaA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901, also to prepare mouse anti-FlaA polyclonal PF299804 supplier antibody for future pathogen or vaccine study.

Methods and Results:

The full-length flaA gene was amplified by PCR with designed primers. The open reading frame of flaA gene contains 1131 bp, and its putative protein consists of 376 amino acid residues. Alignment analysis indicated that

the FlaA protein was highly conserved. SDS-PAGE indicated that the FlaA protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then, the recombinant FlaA protein was purified by affinity chromatography, and the mouse anti-FlaA serum was produced. The expression of flaA gene was verified by various immunological methods, including western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunogold electron microscopy (IEM).

Conclusions:

Flagellin flaA gene was cloned and identified from V. alginolyticus HY9901, the recombinant FlaA protein was expressed and purified, and high-titre FlaA protein-specific antibody was produced. Western blot analysis revealed that the prepared antiserum not only specifically react to FlaA fusion protein, but also to natural FlaA protein of V. alginolyticus.