EAH-A-R2, EAH-B-R3 and EAH-C-R4 developed a post-race biochemical EAH. Hyponatremic finishers (n = 3) and their anthropometric parameters, MK-1775 mw parameters of hydration status, and fluid intake Anthropometric parameters, blood and urine parameters, LY2874455 research buy pre-race training logs of hyponatremic cases EAH-A-R2, EAH-B-R3 and EAH-C-R4 are summarized

in Table 3. Pre and post-race results for physical, blood and urine parameters are shown in Table 4. For comparison purposes, we used cut-off points for hydration state based upon Δ body mass by Noakes et al. [39], where ≥ 0 Δ body mass is overhydration, < 0 to -3% Δ body mass is euhydration, and < -3% Δ body mass is dehydration. A decrease was seen in both body mass and Δ body mass, respectively, in EAH-A-R2 (1.8 kg, 2.0%) and EAH-B-R3 (1.4 kg, 2.6%). In EAH-C-R4, decreases in body mass (2.2, 2.8, 2.2 kg) and Δ body mass (3.0%,

3.8%, 3.0%) were seen after Stage 1, 2 and 3 respectively. EAH-A-R2 consumed 0.90 l/h, EAH-B-R3 and EAH-C-R4 each consumed 0.75 l/h, which equated to 0.010 l/kg in EAH-A-R2, 0.014 l/kg in EAH-B-R3, 0.010 l/kg in EAH-C-R4; which was not related to race speed, ambient temperature or relative humidity during the race (p > 0.05). Table 4 Physical, blood and urine parameters before and after the race (n = 3)   Pre-race Post-race Change (absolute) Change (%) Body mass (kg) 72.8 (12.5) 71.0 (12.4) –1.8 (0.4)* –2.5 (0.5)* Haematocrit (%) 42.7 (1.1) 40.9 (3.2) –1.8 (3.1) RAD001 –4.4 (7.2) Plasma sodium (mmol/l) 139 (1.9)

132 (1.9) –7 (2.6)* –5 (1.9)* Plasma potassium (mmol/l) 5.5 (0.7) 5.5 (0.5) –0.1 (1.7) –2.3 (30.9) Plasma osmolality (mosmol/kg H2O) 287.7 (3.6) 287.7 (5.5) 0.0 (4.4) 0.0 (1.5) Urine specific gravity (g/ml) 1.011 (0.003) 1.026 (0.001) 0.020 (0.010)* 1.520 (0.550)* Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg H2O) 204.0 (36.9) 681.0 (97.2) 477.0 (132.9)* 243.5 (88.7)* Urine potassium (mmol/l) 17.2 (8.1) 81.2 (35.1) 64.0 (55.8) 565.2 (631.6) Urine sodium (mmol/l) 40.0 (10.7) 43.3 (20.2) 3.3 Astemizole (29.5) 20.9 (90.0) K/Na ratio in urine 0.4 (0.1) 4.4 (0.1) 4.0 (6.3) 1630.5 (2690.5) Transtubular potassium gradient 2.3 (1.3) 32.5 (8.0) 30.2 (11.9)* 2071.3 (1991.6)* Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) 91.9 (6.6) 64.2 (13.3) –27.8 (28.1) –28.5 (26.1) Results are presented as mean (SD), *= p ≤ 0.05. Normonatremic finishers (n = 50) and their anthropometric parameters, parameters of hydration status, and fluid intake Race 1 – R1 (24-hour MTB race) For all finishers body mass significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in R1, Δ body mass was -2.0 kg (2.7%).