More than ever, TURP is being challenged by HoLEP and PVP, which both represent valid clinical alternatives. Current evidence supports the conclusion that HoLEP offers favorable and durable outcomes for any prostate size with low early and late morbidity. PVP has achieved a higher level of acceptance, although long-term animal study results from high-quality studies are awaited.6 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Main Points Evidence suggests that holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and photoselective laser vaporization of the prostate (PVP) have the potential to become valid alternatives to both open prostatectomy (OP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP),

and currently dominate the arena of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

laser treatment. HoLEP represents the endourological alternative to OP and is the most technically advanced form of laser prostate surgery. Despite its benefits, the procedure has been slow to gain widespread acceptance. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical HoLEP is at least as effective as TURP and, despite no statistically Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical significant differences in overall morbidity, complications are less frequent after HoLEP compared with TURP. PVP represents one of the most promising new technologies for the treatment of BPH. Laser energy is directed toward prostatic tissue using a 70°; 600 μm side-firing probe. Under direct vision, vaporization is performed with a fiber-sweeping technique, starting at the bladder neck and continuing with the lateral lobes and the apex. The prostate gland is vaporized from the inside Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to its outer layers. Current evidence supports that HoLEP offers favorable and durable outcomes for any prostate size

with low early and late morbidity. PVP has achieved a higher level of acceptance, although long-term results from high-quality studies Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical are awaited. Footnotes All authors read and approved the final draft. There is no financial or commercial interest for this article, and the work had no specific funding. The authors have no real or apparent conflicts of interest to report.
Despite the use of culture-specific or broadspectrum antibiotic therapy prior to surgical removal of upper tract nephrolithiasis, certain patients still develop postoperative Batimastat sepsis. Some have reported that preoperative voided urine cultures from these patients may not be reflective of the bacterial environment within the stone that is to be treated.1 Bioactive compound Manipulating the stone during attempts at removal and fragmentation may liberate these organisms into the bloodstream, heightening the risk of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Thus, prescribing antimicrobial therapy that will eradicate the organism in the urine and provide broad-spectrum coverage for the potentially different bacteria harbored within the stone is desired.