Similarly, smoking level was strongly associated with dependence measured by the WISDM-68 (Table 2). As the pattern of results in unadjusted and adjusted analyses was similar, only sellectchem adjusted analyses are reported. Results indicated that smoking level was associated with the WISDM-68 total score and 12 of 13 subscale scores (see Table 2). Smoking level was not, however, associated with scores on the social/environmental goads subscale. Low-level and light smokers, respectively, reported significantly less dependence than moderate/heavy smokers on all 12 of the significant subscales and on the total score. Low-level smokers reported significantly less dependence than light smokers on eight subscales, as well as the WISDM-68 total score. Table 2.

Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives total and subscale means by smoking level and significant differences between smoking levels in adjusted regression analyses Withdrawal In longitudinal analyses of withdrawal, smoking level was strongly associated with craving, F(2, 221)=6.19, p=.0024, but not with other withdrawal symptoms. The low-level smoking group reported less craving than other groups at baseline and both postquit timepoints (Figure 1). Figure 1. Comparison of unadjusted Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale craving subscale mean scores by smoking level from baseline through 12 weeks postquit. Abstinence Smoking level was not significantly associated with abstinence in logistic regressions conducted at static timepoints (i.e., 5 and 12 weeks postquit), regardless of method of analysis (i.e.

, completer-only or intent-to-treat; Figure 2). Similarly, smoking level was not significantly associated with abstinence in longitudinal analyses. Figure 2. Abstinence by smoking level at 5 and 12 weeks postquit. Discussion The present study was the first to examine the associations of smoking level with demographics, tobacco dependence, withdrawal, and abstinence among Spanish-speaking Latinos during a specific quit attempt. Three key findings emerged regarding low-level smokers, who were of particular interest due to their uniquely high prevalence among Latino smokers. First, smoking level was strongly linked to the total score and 12 of 13 subscale scores on a comprehensive, multidimensional measure of tobacco dependence (i.e., WISDM-68) as well as single-item tobacco-dependence variables.

In each case, low-level smokers reported the least dependence and moderate/heavy smokers reported AV-951 the greatest dependence on tobacco. Second, in withdrawal analyses (i.e., WSWS), smoking level was associated with craving longitudinally from prequit to 12 weeks postquit, but not with other withdrawal symptoms. Low-level smokers reported the least craving and moderate/heavy smokers the most craving at all points in time.