thaliana are suggestive of a role for CKs in ABR17 action, particularly increased lateral branching and early flowering. Our suggestion was further supported by the elevated con centrations of endogenous CKs in PR10. 1 selleck chem Regorafenib transgenic B. napus as well as ABR17 transgenic A. thaliana. These observations Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries led us to hypothesize that PR10 pro teins, including ABR17, may mediate the observed pheno typic effects through modulation of endogenous CKs. Additional evidence supporting this hypothesis has been provided by the demonstration that exogenous applica tion of CK enhances germination under abiotic stress con ditions. In order to further investigate the ABR17 mediated changes in A. thaliana we investigated global changes in gene expression using microarrays.

Microarray analysis was carried out in an ABR17 transgenic line com pared to its WT, salt treated ABR17 transgenic line Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries com pared to untreated ABR17 transgenic line, and salt treated WT compared to untreated WT seedlings. Our current findings reveal that, even in the absence of stress, the expression of genes involved in plant growth and develop ment are significantly Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries increased in the transgenic line. Salt treated ABR17 trans genic A. thaliana seedlings showed general salt response theme comparable to that of the WT counterpart used in this study. However, both the trend as well as the degree of changes in gene expression of many defense related genes including plant defensins and heat shock proteins was different providing additional insights into the possi ble ways in which ABR17 may mediate plant responses to stress.

Results and discussion Characterization of ABR17 transgenic plants seedlings The appearance of 2 week old WT and ABR17 transgenic A. thaliana seedlings grown in soil as well as on MS medium plates are shown in Figure 1. At all growth stages Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries investi gated, the ABR17 transgenic line was considerably more developmentally advanced compared to its WT counter part. For example, in the 5 day old transgenic seedlings cotyledons were more developed than in their WT counterparts and at 14 days the transgenic seedlings possessed more rosette leaves. Similar devel opmental differences were also observed at 21 days where many transgenic seedlings Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries had started to bolt whereas very few WT seedlings had advanced to this devel opmental stage. At 28 days, the transgenic seedlings also possessed more lateral branches.

The transgenic seedlings also flowered earlier than WT with an average difference of at least 2. 5 days. Seedlings for microarray experiments were grown on kinase inhibitor Vismodegib semi solid MS media in order to maintain ste rility and it was evident that under these growth condi tions also the transgenic seedlings were more developmentally advanced. These results are consistent with our previous observations of seedlings from this and other independently derived ABR17 trans genic lines grown on semi solid MS media.