The response of sink growth and metabolism to the modulation of source activity was investigated using elevated CO(2) and elevated O(3) growth conditions in Erythronium americanum. Sink activity was monitored via slice and mitochondrial respiratory rates, AS1842856 supplier sucrose hydrolysis activity, carbohydrates, and biomass accumulation throughout the growth season, while source activity was monitored via gas exchanges, rubisco and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities, carbohydrates, and respiratory rates. Elevated CO(2) increased the net photosynthetic rate by increasing substrate availability
for rubisco. Elevated O(3) decreased the net photosynthetic rate mainly through a reduction in rubisco activity. Despite this modulation of the source activity, neither plant growth nor starch accumulation were affected by the treatments. Sucrose synthase activity was higher in
the sink under elevated CO(2) and lower under elevated O(3), thereby modulating the pool of glycolytic intermediates. The alternative respiratory pathway was similarly modulated in the sink, as seen with both the activity and capacity of the pathway, as well as with the alternative oxidase abundance. In this sink-limited species, the alternative respiratory pathway appears to balance carbon availability with sink capacity, thereby avoiding early feedback-inhibition of photosynthesis in conditions of excess carbon availability.”
“Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infection caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by sandflies. Reservoirs are represented selleck screening library by dogs, mice, rats, and wild rodents. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is usually characterized by a single, polymorphous lesion located in
BEZ235 manufacturer an uncovered area. We report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis localized on the left upper eyelid in a 36-year-old woman. The disease was characterized by a single, asymptomatic nodule, which was clinically diagnosed as an inflammatory infundibular cyst. The lesion was excised surgically. Histopathological examination showed an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells. Several Leishmania spp amastigotes were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Culture examination on Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium was positive for Leishmania spp. PCR was positive for Leishmania infantum. No relapses were observed during follow-up (17 months). The purpose of this report is to emphasize the changeability of clinical presentation in cutaneous leishmaniasis. (C) 2009 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The possible involvement of apoplastic reactive oxygen species produced by the oxidation of free polyamines in the leaf growth of salinized maize has been studied here. Salt treatment increased the apoplastic spermine and spermidine levels, mainly in the leaf blade elongation zone.