The results show that a phonon anharmonicity causes a nonlinear change in the volume plasmon energy that is not present in the liquid phase after melting. The plasmon energy/valence electron density during supercooling is not a direct extrapolation from the liquid state and tends to stabilize, possibly due to local ordering

in the liquid. The study also shows that damping of the plasmon excitations in liquid Al is faster compared to solid Al due to electron-phonon interactions and/or Anderson localization of ALK inhibition electrons. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3609063]“
“A simple equivalent circuit method has been proposed to provide understanding of the absorption mechanism of a class of metamaterial absorbers. The absorbers are composed of lossy frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) over the grounded dielectric substrates. Based on the analytical method, the influence of FSS surface resistance on the frequency responses of metamaterial absorbers is discussed in detail. It is shown that

wideband or narrowband absorbers can be obtained by changing the surface resistance of the FSS. The narrowband absorbers ATM inhibitor show a similar surface resistance dependence of the absorbing performance to Salisbury absorbers and the maximum bandwidth of metamaterial absorbers can be obtained with the proper surface resistance. This can serve as a guideline for the fast and efficient design of metamaterial absorbers. Finally, experimental results are presented for verifying the

validity of the analytical method. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3608169]“
“The 3-MA ic50 low temperature epitaxial breakdown of inhomogeneously strained Si capping layers is investigated. By growing Si films on coherently strained GeSi quantum dot surfaces, we differentiate the effects of surface roughness, strain, and growth orientation on the mechanism of epitaxial breakdown. Using atomic force microscopy and high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, we find that whereas local lattice strain of up to 2% has a negligible effect, growth on higher-index facets such as 113 significantly reduces the local breakdown thickness. Nanoscale growth mound formation is observed above all facet orientations. Because diffusion lengths depend directly on the surface orientation, we relate the variation in epitaxial thickness to the low temperature stability of specific growth facets and the average size of kinetically limited growth mounds. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3610527]“
“Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a member of the nonselective cationic channel family. Activation of TRPV1 induces an influx of divalent and monovalent cations (i.e., Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+) which are activated by capsaicin, heat, and acid. TRPV1 is known to be expressed in the epidermis, but little is known about the physiological significance and functional role of TRPV1 in skin.