These results indicate that a short regimen of WM training is associated with lower prefrontal activation-a marker of neural efficiency-in divergent thinking. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: The bladder wall comprises a complex array of cells, including urothelium, smooth muscle, nerves and interstitial cells. Interstitial cells have several subtypes based
on site, morphology and differential expression of markers such as anti-vimentin and anti-KIT. We examined whether a subpopulation of interstitial cells immunopositive for PDGFR alpha exists in human and guinea pig bladders.
Materials and Methods: Human and guinea pig bladder tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and examined by bright field or confocal microscopy. Whole mount tissues and paraffin sections were https://www.selleckchem.com/products/go-6983.html labeled with antibodies to PDGFR alpha, vimentin, KIT and PGP9.5. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot.
Results: PDGFR alpha(+) cells were present in human and guinea pig bladders. In the guinea pig PDGFR alpha(+) cells had a branched stellate morphology and formed networks in the lamina propria. In human and guinea pig detrusors PDGFR alpha(+) cells were elongated
on the boundary of smooth Fedratinib ic50 muscle bundles or were seen as groups of stellate cells in the interbundle spaces. PDGFR alpha(+) cells were located close to nerves labeled by PGP9.5. Double labeling revealed that PDGFR alpha(+) cells were a subgroup of the vimentin(+)
population. A significant proportion of PDGFR alpha(+) cells were also KIT+. Bands corresponding Monoiodotyrosine to PDGFR alpha, KIT and vimentin proteins were detected on Western blot.
Conclusions: To our knowledge this study is the first to identify PDGFR alpha(+)/KIT+ cells in the bladder lamina propria and detrusor layers. These cells are a subgroup of the vimentin(+) population, showing the complexity of bladder interstitial cells. PDGFR alpha(+) cells are apparently structurally associated with intramural nerves, indicating integration with bladder control mechanisms.”
“Background. Previous studies have demonstrated a specific cognitive bias for sad stimuli in currently depressed patients; little is known, however, about whether this bias persists after recovery from the depressive episode. Depression is frequently observed in patients with asthma and is associated with a worse course of the disease. Given these high rates of co-morbidity, we could expect to observe a similar bias towards sad stimuli in patients with asthma.
Method. We therefore examined cognitive biases in memory and attention in 20 currently and 20 formerly depressed participants, 20 never-depressed patients diagnosed with asthma, and 20 healthy control participants.