Tryptophan contributed to better values for lactic and acetic

acid yield, while lysine and yeast extract especially for acetic acid yield. Valine and leucine were not able to improve the fermentation progress, estimated through the analyzed variables. This work would provide some helpful information for the development of various lacto-fermented vegetable juices using probiotic bacteria.”
“Novel polyurethanes (PUs) based on poly (oxytetramethylene glycol), 4,4′-methylenediphenyl LY2835219 concentration diisocyanate, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were prepared. Stoichiometric (1 : 1) and nonstoichiometric (2 : 1 to 20 : 1) prepolymer/DMH ratios were studied. The number-average molecular masses and possible structures of the obtained polymers were evaluated by potentiometric nonaqueous titration analysis of terminal groups, the Kieldal method (the evaluation of the nitrogen atom content), the aminolysis method, viscosimetry, IR spectroscopy, Pevonedistat manufacturer rheology, and small-angle X-ray scattering.

Only in the case of the stoichiometric (1 : 1) ratio was a low-molecular-mass PU with a linear structure formed, whereas for all studied nonstoichiometric ratios, PUs with branched structures were formed. The level of hard and flexible block segregation increased with the increase in the prepolymer/DMH ratio. Dielectric results for the dynamic glass transition and water sorption measurements provided additional support to the structural studies. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112:2732-2740, 2009″
“We evaluated analytical formulas for the inner-shell ionization cross section from three sources in calculations of the backscattering factor (BF) for quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy: the Gryzinski expression from classical atomic physics, the Casnati [J. Phys. B 15, 155 (1982)] formula from fits to measured K-shell cross sections, and two expressions from Bote [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables (unpublished)] screening assay from fits to improved calculations of ionization cross sections by Bote and Salvat [Phys. Rev. A 77, 042701 (2008)]. BFs were calculated for five illustrative Auger transitions (Al KL(23)L(23), Si KL(23)L(23), Cu L(3)M(45)M(45), Ag M(4)N(45)N(45), and Au M(5)N(67)N(67) in the respective elemental solids) for primary energies from the threshold for ionization to 30 keV. Differences between BFs calculated from the expressions of Bote and those from the expressions of Casnati were less than 2%, while the differences between BFs from the expressions of Bote and those from the Gryzinski expression were less than 5.4%. BFs from the expressions of Bote were also compared with BFs from a widely used formula of Shimizu with differences between 7% and 15% at 30 keV. The Shimizu [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 22, 1631 (1983)] formula was derived for primary energies from 3 to 10 keV but is widely employed in quantitative Auger applications for higher energies.