Using H2AX foci formation as an indicator for DNA damage, it was shown that 5 g/mL MWCNOs can induce H2AX foci formation in HUVECs at 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment, whereas 0.2 g/mL MWCNOs induced H2AX foci formation only at 6 h after treatment. In addition, STA-9090 all three concentrations of MWCNOs induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of ROS generation can partially decrease the H2AX foci formation induced by MWCNOs. Taken together, these data first suggested that MWCNOs can induce DNA damage and apoptosis in HUVECs, and that

ROS might be involved in this process. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 28: 442-450, 2013.”
“For CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions, the switching probability has an unusual dependence on bias voltage V and bias magnetic field H for bias voltage pulse durations t long enough to allow thermally activated reversal. At high junction bias close to 1 V, the probability of magnetic switching in spin-torque-driven switches sometimes appears to decrease.

This is shown to be due to a backhopping behavior occurring at high bias, and it is asymmetric in bias voltage, being more pronounced in the bias direction for antiparallel-to-parallel spin-torque switch, i.e., in the direction of electrons tunneling into the free layer. This asymmetry hints at processes involving hot electrons within the free-layer nanomagnet. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058614]“
“The aim of this research was to investigate the levels of phenolic find more compounds and antioxidant activities in different tissues including leaves, stems,

and roots from baekseohyang (Daphne kiusiana). The highest contents of total phenolics (43.59 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) and flavonoids (15.73 mg rutin equivalents, RE/g) were observed in the 75% methanol extract of leaves. Moreover, this extract had the predominant antioxidant capacity, DPPH (85.91%) and ABTS (92.57%) radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power (7.20%) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The highest content of phenolic compounds was also exhibited in this extract selleck chemicals with an increasing order in leaves, roots, and stems and their major components were vanillic acid (6.37 mg/g), tannic acid (1.91 mg/g), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3.96 mg/g). Thus, the strong antioxidant activities of the 75% methanol extract are correlated with high phenolic compound contents. This study suggests that baekseohyang leaves may potentially be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidants.”
“The Northwestern Adriatic Sea is a commercially important area in aquaculture, accounting for about 90% of the Italian mussel production, and it was subjected to recurring cases of mussel farm closures due to toxic algae poisoning.