Nevertheless, large Baltic fish species such as cod, flounder or eelpout, apart from small fish and nectobenthic species, feed intensively on a wide spectrum of benthic invertebrates such as isopods Saduria entomon, bivalves Macoma balthica, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria and even relatively small

polychaete worms and amphipods ( Mulicki, 1947, Urtans, 1992, Ostrowski, 1997, Didžiulis, selleck inhibitor 1999, Bubinas and Ložys, 2000 and Uzars, 2000). Owing to the various environmental demands of benthic species, feeding conditions for specific fish species are supported to a specific degree by different habitats. Moreover, since the abundance and biomass of macrofauna vary significantly within a habitat ( Thrush et al. 1994), a habitat map alone is not sufficient, as the value of a feeding ground service varies at a scale smaller than that of the habitat. On the other hand, there are plenty of papers on the distribution and abundance of macrofauna ( Ellis et al., 2006, Potts and Elith, 2006, Willems et al., 2008 and Gogina and Zettler, 2010), especially since the significant increase in different modelling techniques in benthic ecology studies ( Collin et al. 2011, Reiss et al. 2011). However,

studies on the prediction of biomass are rare, despite its applications in fisheries ( Wei et al. 2010). In this study we suggest an approach check details for making a quantitative assessment of one specific benthic habitat service, namely fish feeding grounds, based on the diet of fish and the modelling of prey biomass. We present the method using the example of three common Baltic fish species: Baltic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758), flounder (Platichthys flesus Linnaeus, 1758) and viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus Fenbendazole Linnaeus, 1758). The output of the assessment is a fish feeding ground service map where the seabed is classified by its quality for foraging fish. The assessment procedure includes three parts: modelling of macro-zoobenthos

biomass (service provider module), analysis of fish prey items (service user module) and the output of the assessment: the quality map of fish feeding ground service (Figure 1). The first step is data acquisition: fish and macrofauna samples are gathered and processed, and then GIS layers of environmental factors (predictors) are created. The diets of the separate fish species are identified from an analysis of fish digestive tracts, after which biomass distribution models of prey items are set up on the basis of macrofauna sample analysis and layers of environmental predictors. In the next step, weights for prey items are assigned, depending on their importance to the diet of a particular fish species, and in parallel, model predictions are transferred into the GIS environment, where biomass distribution maps are developed.