“
“Adult patients with acute

lymphoblastic leukemia frequently relapse or are refractory BLZ945 inhibitor to conventional treatments. The vincristine sulfate liposome injection (Marqibo (R)) encapsulates the drug in a liposome composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol to improve tumor drug exposure. At a dose of 2.25 mg/m(2) once weekly, this formulation was associated with an overall response rate of 35 % in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory disease. There were no new or unexpected toxicities.”
“Background: Ethiopia plans to increase its electricity power supply by five-fold over the next five years to fulfill the needs of its people and support the economic growth based on large hydropower dams. Building large dams for hydropower generation may increase the transmission of malaria since they transform NOV120101 ecosystems and create new vector breeding habitats. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Gilgel-Gibe hydroelectric dam in Ethiopia on malaria transmission and changing levels of prevalence

in children.

Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study was carried out between October and December 2005 in Jimma Zone, south-western Ethiopia, among children under 10 years of age living in three ‘at-risk’ villages (within 3 km from dam) and three ‘control’ villages (5 to 8 km from dam). The man-made Gilgel-Gibe dam is operating since 2004. Households with children less than 10 years of age were selected and children from the selected households were sampled from all the six villages. This included 1,081 children from ‘at-risk’ villages and 774 children from ‘control’ villages. Blood samples collected from children using finger prick were examined microscopically to determine malaria prevalence, density of parasitaemia and identify malarial parasite species.

Results: Overall 1,855 children (905 girls and 950 boys) were surveyed. A total of 194 (10.5%) children were positive for malaria, of which, 117 (60.3%) for Plasmodium vivax, 76 (39.2%) for Plasmodium

falciparum and one (0.5%) for both P. vivax and P. falciparum. A multivariate Navitoclax design-based analysis indicated that, while controlling for age, sex and time of data collection, children who resided in ‘at-risk’ villages close to the dam were more likely to have P. vivax infection than children who resided farther away (odds ratio (OR) = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.32) and showed a higher OR to have P. falciparum infection than children who resided in ‘control’ villages, but this was not significant (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 0.84, 6.88). A classification tree revealed insights in the importance of the dam as a risk factor for malaria. Assuming that the relationship between the dam and malaria is causal, 43% of the malaria occurring in children was due to living in close proximity to the dam.

Recent evidence has emerged that children with autism may have altered folate or methionine metabolism, which suggests the folate-methionine cycle may play a key role in the etiology of autism.

Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic

review to examine the evidence for the involvement of alterations in folate-methionine metabolism in the etiology of autism.

Design: A systematic literature review was conducted of studies reporting data for metabolites, interventions, or genes of the folate-methionine pathway in autism. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 of which provided data on metabolites, 5 on interventions, and 6 on genes and their related Prexasertib polymorphisms.

Results: The findings of the review were conflicting. The variance in results can be attributed to heterogeneity between subjects with autism, sampling issues, and the wide range of analytic techniques

used. Luminespib chemical structure Most genetic studies were inadequately powered to provide more than an indication of likely genetic relations.

Conclusions: The review concluded that further research is required with appropriately standardized and adequately powered study designs before any definitive conclusions can be made about the role for a dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway in the etiology of autism. There is also a need to determine whether functional benefits occur when correcting apparent deficits in folate-methionine metabolism in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1598-620.”
“Pituitary tumors may give rise to headache via numerous mechanisms. The traditional explanation for headache is dural PRIMA-1MET price stretch and cavernous sinus invasion, although this is not borne out by clinical studies.

Certain functional pituitary tumors are associated with headache, notably growth hormone and prolactin-secreting tumors. The observation that somatostatin analogues can have a dramatic analgesic effect in acromegaly suggests that biochemical properties of the tumor may be important. The genetic predisposition of the patient to primary headache also determines whether headache occurs with pituitary tumors. This article attempts to outline the clinical features, management strategies, and key academic questions regarding the subject of pituitary tumors and headache.”
“We retrospectively evaluated elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with carboplatin (AUC 4-5) and gemcitabine (1,000-1,200 mg/m(2)). Thirty-six patients with Performance Status (PS) 0-1 and median age 73 (range 70-78 years) were considered. Histology was squamous cell carcinoma (8 patients), adenocarcinoma (22) and NSCLC not otherwise specified (6). 149 cycles of chemotherapy were administered with a median of 3 per patient (range 3-6). Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicities were dyspnea (1 patient) and fever (1). Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were anemia (6), neutropenia (6) and thrombocytopenia (10), with dose reduction required in 13 patients.

“
“Aim of the study: We determined whether combining

the grey-to-white matter ratio (GWR) on brain computed tomography (CT) and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) improves the prognostic performance when compared to either alone in cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of a cohort of cardiac arrest patients treated with TH. The Hounsfield unit was measured in the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (P), posterior Selleckchem VX-689 limb of internal capsule (PIC) and corpus callosum (CC); GWR was calculated as CN/PIC and P/CC. The NSE value was obtained at 0, 24, and 48 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We analysed the prognostic performance of GWR and NSE, singly and in combination, in predicting poor neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 3-5).

Results: selleck kinase inhibitor Of the 224 included patients, 82 showed good neurologic outcome at hospital discharge, while 142 showed poor neurologic outcome. The

P/CC (area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) 0.864, sensitivity/specificity 52.9%/100%) showed better prognostic performance than did the CN/PIC (AUROC 0.721, sensitivity/specificity 19.8%/100%). The NSE value at 48 h after ROSC (AUROC 0.895, sensitivity/specificity 60.2%/100%) showed the highest prognostic value among the three NSE time points. Analysis of 119 patients undergoing both brain CT this website and NSE at 48 h indicated that combining P/CC and NSE improved the sensitivity (78.6%) compared to either alone (48.6%, 62.9%).

Conclusion: Combining brain CT and serum NSE improves the prognostic performance when compared to either alone in predicting poor neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest patients treated with TH. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Comparison of the auditory and subjective capabilities of 2 implantable bone conduction devices BAHA Divino Sound Processor (Divino) and the BAHA BP100 Sound Processor (BP100)

using a daily alternating method.

Study Design: Open prospective comparative trial.

Setting: Tertiary referral otology and neurotology center.

Patients: Ten patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) using a Divino for more than 1 year.

Interventions: The patients with SSD changed to the BP100 for 1 week, and then underwent an evaluation period of 18 days switching between BP100 and Divino on a daily alternating basis. On a scale from 0 to 10, patients rated their quality of hearing daily with both devices concerning overall satisfaction, clearness of sound, and effort of listening in background noise. For the total duration of the trial, the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) were administered.

Results: Twenty-two patients failed to attend follow-up visits (11 in Group A, 9 in Group B, 2 in Group C, p < 0.03). Overall, we detoxified 70% of the whole cohort, DAPT 60.1% of the patients in Group A and in Group B, and 88.8% of those in Group C (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Inpatient withdrawal is significantly more effective than advice alone or an outpatient

strategy in complicated MOH patients.”
“Background: Substantial decline in malaria transmission, morbidity and mortality has been reported in several countries where new malaria control strategies have been implemented. In Gabon, the national malaria policy changed in 2003, according to the WHO recommendations. The trend in malaria morbidity was evaluated among febrile children before and after their implementation

in Libreville, the capital city of Gabon.

Methods: From August 2000 to December 2008, febrile paediatric outpatients and GSK1120212 cost inpatients, under 11 years of age, were screened for malaria by microscopic examination at the Malaria Clinical Research Unit (MCRU) located in the largest public hospital in Gabon. Climatic data were also collected.

Results: In total, 28,092 febrile children were examined; those under five years always represented more than 70%. The proportion of malaria-positive slides was 45% in 2000, and declined to 15% in 2008. The median age of children with a positive blood smear increased from 24(15-48) to 41(21-72) months over the study period (p < 0.01). Rainfall patterns had no impact on the decline observed throughout the study period.

Conclusion: The decrease of malaria prevalence among febrile children during the last nine years is observed following the introduction of new strategies of malaria cases management, and may announce epidemiological changes. Moreover, preventive measures must be extended SN-38 cost to children older than five years.”
“Five

blend samples of cardanol-based epoxidized novolac resin containing varying concentrations of carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) ranging between 0 and 25 wt % with an interval of 5 wt % were prepared. The epoxidized novolac resin (ECF) was synthesized from the epoxidation of cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resin (CF) with molar excess of epichlorohydrin (i.e., about 10 mol at 120 degrees C in basic medium). The CF resin was synthesized with a molar ratio of 1 : 0.5 of CF using dicarboxylic acid catalyst such as succinic acid at 120 degrees C for 5 h. The pure epoxy and its blend were cured with stoichiometric amounts of polyamine curing agent. The formation of various products during the synthesis of cardanol-based novolac resin, epoxidized novolac resin, and blending of epoxidized novolac resin with CTBN have been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. Further, a reaction mechanism for the step-growth reaction was proposed on the basis of the results of FTIR analysis.

Recent reviews and findings are summarized, mainly in the context of the growing notion of memory deficits in brain disorders (e. g., posttraumatic stress disorder, mild cognitive impairment, consumption

of drugs, poststroke cognitive dysfunctions, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, and infection-induced memory impairments). Mainly, mammalian and (some) human data were the focus. At least agonists and antagonists for 5-HT1A/1B, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as well JNK-IN-8 in vitro as serotonin uptake inhibitors seem to have a promnesic and/or antiamnesic effect in different conditions and 5-HT markers seem to be associated

to neural changes. Available evidence offers clues about the possibilities, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. For instance, 5-HT transporter expression seems to be a reliable neural marker related to memory mechanisms and its alterations.”
“The diabetic-prone BioBreeding Wistar (BB/DP) rat is an autoimmune model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Approximately 90% of the animals (BB/DPh) are hyperglycemic by 90–120 days of age, while the remaining similar to 10% (BB/DPn) and diabetes-resistant rats (BB/DR) are normoglycemic for life. The transmission electron microscope data from this study demonstrate check details expected significant age- and diabetes-related increases in retinal

capillary basement membrane (RCBM) widths in (BB/DPh) rats relative to BB/DR animals. However, the data show, for the first time, an unexpected significant RCBM thickening in (BB/DPn) rats compared to BB/DR animals at 6 months and 1 year post-onset of hyperglycemia.</.”
“Introduction: It has been shown that biphasic electric stimuli may be effective in stimulation of bone growth. This study aimed to evaluate the role of direct electric current on osteogenesis of the parietal bone VEGFR inhibitor in a canine model.

Materials and Methods: After surgical implantation of assembly involving 3 electrodes in the parietal bones in 5 adult male dogs, 20-MA direct electric current was applied. As a control group, a neutral assembly was implanted on the contralateral side of the calvaria. After 45 days of implantation, through a second surgical procedure, the bone samples were taken off the implantation sites and subjected to histologic evaluation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) using Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests.

Results: The bony tissues from all tissue sample sites were viable. Foreign body reaction that was documented by the presence of giant cells was observed in all samples.

By applying

an electric field, electrons propagating through the FeCr/CeO2 layer from Si were injected into the Cr2O3-x layer. When a magnetic field was applied, the resistance of this capacitor above the flat-band voltage was reduced, causing the hysteresis window to become large. This result indicates that this capacitor, which contains a magnetic VX-661 price gate insulator, has the potential to be used in multilevel memories by the application of an external magnetic field. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3059406]“
“The accurate viscosity measurement of complex fluids is essential for characterizing fluidic behaviors in blood vessels and in microfluidic channels of lab-on-a-chip devices. A microfluidic platform that accurately

identifies biophysical properties of blood can be used as a promising tool for the early detections of cardiovascular and microcirculation diseases. In this study, a flow-switching phenomenon depending on hydrodynamic balancing in a microfluidic channel was adopted to conduct viscosity measurement of complex fluids with label-free operation. A microfluidic device for demonstrating this proposed method was designed to have two inlets for supplying the test and reference fluids, two side channels in parallel, and a junction channel connected to the midpoint of the two side channels. According to this proposed method, viscosities of various fluids with different phases (aqueous, oil, and blood) in relation to that of reference fluid were accurately determined Selleck PCI-34051 by measuring the switching flow-rate ratio between the test and reference fluids, when a reverse flow of the test or reference Z-VAD-FMK order fluid occurs in the junction channel. An analytical viscosity formula was derived to measure the viscosity of a test fluid in relation to that of the corresponding reference fluid using a discrete circuit model for

the microfluidic device. The experimental analysis for evaluating the effects of various parameters on the performance of the proposed method revealed that the fluidic resistance ratio (R-JL/R-L, fluidic resistance in the junction channel (R-JL) to fluidic resistance in the side channel (R-L)) strongly affects the measurement accuracy. The microfluidic device with smaller R-JL/R-L values is helpful to measure accurately the viscosity of the test fluid. The proposed method accurately measured the viscosities of various fluids, including single-phase (Glycerin and plasma) and oil-water phase (oil vs. deionized water) fluids, compared with conventional methods. The proposed method was also successfully applied to measure viscosities of blood with varying hematocrits, chemically fixed RBCS, and channel sizes. Based on these experimental results, the proposed method can be effectively used to measure the viscosities of various fluids easily, without any fluorescent labeling and tedious calibration procedures. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

“
“Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative parameters among the three approaches used to treat large uterine myomas: laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and abdominal hysterectomy, and to evaluate the selection criteria for laparoscopic hysterectomy as determined by magnetic resonance

imaging. Material and Methods The medical records of 155 patients who underwent a hysterectomy between January 2007 and April 2010 were examined. We also compared the indications and outcomes of LAVH and TLH for myomas larger than 7cm. Results Patients who underwent LAVH or TLH had a lower average intraoperative blood loss, less intense postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stays than patients in the TAH group, although the length of the operations in the laparoscopic groups were NF-��B inhibitor significantly

longer. To evaluate the selection criteria for the large sized myomas, we compared the LAVH and TLH groups for the myomas larger than 7cm. The greatest uterine transverse diameters and the weight of the uteri were not significantly selleck different between the LAVH and TLH groups (94.7 +/- 20.8 and 83.1 +/- 17.6mm, 371.6 +/- 160.3 and 286.7 +/- 158.0g, respectively). The average intraoperative blood loss in the TLH group was significantly lower than that in the LAVH (121.3 +/- 111.2 vs 379.3 +/- 222.4g, P<0.001). Conclusion Our data suggest that TLH is a better procedure for treating a large uterus no larger than 10cm

GDC-0994 purchase in its greatest transverse diameter. The preoperative total length of myoma nodules determined by MRI is a useful preoperative indicator of the uterine weight.”
“The effects of the flavonoid compound scutellarin (SCUT) on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of beta(1) integrin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor and the transcription factor NF-kappa B were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (10-30 mu M) of SCUT for 24 h. It was found that a SCUT-dependent decrease in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by an increase in prolidase activity. Since the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) is the most potent regulator of both collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity, and prolidase is regulated by beta(1) integrin signalling, the effect of SCUT on IGF-IR and beta(1) integrin receptor expressions were evaluated. It was found that the exposure of the cells to SCUT contributed to an increase in IGF-IR and beta(1) integrin receptor expressions. This was accompanied by an increase in expression of NF-kappa B, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression. These data suggest that the SCUT-dependent decrease of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from activation of NF-kappa B, which is responsible for the down-regulation of collagen gene expression.

In fact, some ovarian tumors showing high levels of LSD1 mRNA are associated with poor patient survival. Chemical

LSD1 inhibition induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer lines, which roughly correlated with their reported LSD1 inhibitory potential (RN-1, S2101 >> pargyline, TCP).

Conclusions: Our findings may suggest a role of LSD1 in the biology of some ovarian tumors. It is of special interest to find a correlation of LSD1 mRNA overexpression with a transcriptomic signature relevant to cancer. Our findings, therefore, prompt further investigation of the role of LSD1 in ovarian cancer, as well as the study of its enzymatic inhibition in animal models for potential therapeutic Elacridar Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor purposes in the context of this disease.”
“Three new triterpenoids, including two rare D:B-friedobaccharanes (leonatriol, 1 and leonatriolone, 2)

and a 2,3-seco-2,24-epoxy-3,24-olide-D:A-friedooleanane (cassinolide, 3) were isolated from the root bark of Cassine xylocarpa and Celastrus vulcanicola, collected in El Salvador. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, mainly D-1 and D-2 NMR techniques, find more spectrometric analyses, and comparison with data reported in the literature. The absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were determined by the application of the Riguera ester procedure and biogenetic considerations. The possible biogenetic pathway for cassinolide (3) is also discussed. (C) 2012 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: Videolaryngoscopy has mainly been developed to facilitate difficult airway intubation. However, there

is a lack of studies demonstrating CP-456773 mouse this method’s efficacy in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the TruView infant EVO2 and the C-MAC videolaryngoscope with conventional direct Macintosh laryngoscopy in children with a bodyweight <= 10 kg in terms of intubation conditions and the time to intubation.

METHODS: In total, 65 children with a bodyweight <= 10 kg (0-22 months) who had undergone elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation were retrospectively analyzed. Our database was screened for intubations with the TruView infant EVO2, the C-MAC videolaryngoscope, and conventional direct Macintosh laryngoscopy. The intubation conditions, the time to intubation, and the oxygen saturation before and after intubation were monitored, and demographic data were recorded. Only children with a bodyweight <= 10 kg were included in the analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 23 children were intubated using the C-MAC videolaryngoscope, and 22 children were intubated using the TruView EVO2. Additionally, 20 children were intubated using a standard Macintosh blade. The time required for tracheal intubation was significantly longer using the TruView EVO2 (52 sec vs. 28 sec for C-MAC vs. 26 sec for direct LG).

“
“To determine the diagnostic accuracy of different diagnostic methods (blind dilatation & curettage (D&C), transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), sonohysterography (SH), and hysteroscopy) compared with gold standard (hysteroscopic biopsy’s histopathologic result) in diagnosis of focal intrauterine lesions of recurrent postmenopausal bleeding.

36 postmenopausal women with recurrent vaginal bleeding after a normal D&C results were enrolled into the study. TVS, SH, hysteroscopy were performed

on all patients. Outcomes of blind D&C, TVS, SH, and hysteroscopy were compared with results of gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratios (LR) were see more calculated.

Blind D&C sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 47, 68, 57, 59%, respectively in comparison with gold standard. Blind D&C fails to diagnose 70% of all focal intracavitary lesions. TVS sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 63, 78, 89, 41%, respectively. SH yielded better results; with 93% sensitivity, 56% specificity, 86% PPV, and 71% NPV. Hysteroscopy sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 100, 44, 84, 100%, respectively.

In experienced hands, SH can be an initial evaluation method of uterine cavity PD0332991 ic50 for detecting focal lesions in women with recurrent postmenopausal bleeding.”
“We conducted this study to examine the changes in the molecular structure and

physiological activities of silk sericin after gamma irradiation. Sericin from Bombyx mori was extracted with an Na(2)CO(3) solution. The molecular weight distribution of sericin increased in the gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results as the irradiation dose increased. Circular dichroism data also revealed that the alpha-helix contents decreased with the irradiation dose. Ultraviolet

absorption was shown a different pattern between the irradiated and unirradiated sericin. However, the Fourier find protocol transform infrared spectrum was not changed in all of the groups. Furthermore, the irradiated sericin was significantly increased in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging, and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities increased with irradiation dose. Therefore, gamma irradiation was an effective method for producing high-molecular-weight sericin and for developing functional foods and cosmetics. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 2034-2040, 2011″
“Background: Expression studies of somatostatin receptor type 2A (SSTR2A) in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) led to the development of clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, most of these strategies used in-house-developed antibodies and were focused on lung tumors. We evaluated commercially available SSTR2A antibodies in NENs of the colorectum to observe their subcellular localization and distribution within the resected tumor.

We performed a retrospective analysis of renal function data of patients treated in the Hep-Net/International Delta Hepatitis Intervention Trial 1(HIDIT-1-trial), a European multicenter study to investigate the efficacy of 48 weeks of therapy with PegIFNa-2a+ADV vs either drug Selleckchem CBL0137 alone in 90 patients with chronic hepatitis B/D co-infection. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were calculated by CockcroftGault (CG), abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. After 48 weeks of therapy GFR values were significantly lower in patients receiving adefovir-containing treatment vs PegIFNa-2a alone [mean difference

16.1 mL/min (CG) and 10.2 mL/min (MDRD), respectively, P < 0.05] while no differences were

observed between patients receiving adefovir alone vs combination treatment. Twenty-four weeks after treatment GFR values did not differ between treatment arms. A decrease in GFR =20% was observed more often in patients during adefovir-containing treatment vs PegIFNa-2a alone (P < 0.05) which was confirmed by KaplanMeier analysis. Adefovir-containing but not PegIFNa-2a treatment was associated with a decrease in GFR values in about one-fifth of patients. Combination VX-809 concentration treatment of PegIFNa-2a+ADV in chronic hepatitis B/D co-infection did not lead to any further impairment of kidney function.”
“Background: The protective effect of physical activity (PA) on abdominal adiposity is unclear.

Objective: We examined whether PA independently predicted gains in body weight and abdominal adiposity.

Design: In a prospective cohort study [the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation

into Cancer and Nutrition)], we followed 84,511 men and 203,987 women for 5.1 y. PA was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and individuals were categorized into 4 groups (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active). Body weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and self-reported AR-13324 nmr at follow-up. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models and stratified our analyses by sex with adjustments for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational level, total energy intake, duration of follow-up, baseline body weight, change in body weight, and waist circumference (when applicable).

Results: PA significantly predicted a lower waist circumference (in cm) in men (beta = -0.045; 95% CI: -0.057, -0.034) and in women (beta = -0.035; 95% CI: -0.056, -0.015) independent of baseline body weight, baseline waist circumference, and other confounding factors. The magnitude of associations was materially unchanged after adjustment for change in body weight. PA was not significantly associated with annual weight gain (in kg) in men (beta = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.003) and women (beta = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.0006).