Overall, 5 patients underwent heart transplantation (right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit 4 vs modified Blalock-Taussig shunt 1, P = .1) before Fontan. There was no difference in age or weight at Fontan, bypass time, intensive care unit or hospital length

of stay, postoperative pleural effusions, or need for reoperation between groups.

Conclusions: Interim learn more analyses continue to suggest there is no survival advantage of one shunt type compared with the other. Longer-term follow-up of a randomized patient population remains of utmost importance. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140: 537-44)”
“The specific activity of brain glutamine synthetase (GS) is lowered in several neurodegenerative diseases that involve iron-mediated oxidative stress. The present selleck compound study has investigated whether H(2)O(2) directly inactivates GS or whether GS is primarily inactivated by hydroxyl radicals that are produced by the Fenton reaction when H(2)O(2) reacts with ferrous iron. Exposure of purified sheep

brain GS to supraphysiological concentrations of H(2)O(2) (1 mM for 30 min) reduced its specific activity by only 41%, indicating that the enzyme is fairly resistant to oxidation by peroxide. However, the enzyme was completely inactivated when co-incubated with H(2)O(2), iron and ascorbate, indicating a vulnerability to oxidation by conditions that favour the production of hydroxyl radicals. Similarly, specific GS activity in cultured mouse astrocytes was resistant to supraphysiological concentrations of H(2)O(2), with approximately 37% of activity remaining 3 h after incubation with 1 mM H(2)O(2). This inactivation was prevented by the iron chelators 2,2′-dipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline,

but not Immune system by their non-chelating analogues. These data suggest that inactivation of astrocytic GS is caused by H(2)O(2) indirectly via the Fenton reaction as it required the presence of chelatable intracellular iron. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To determine the effect of reintervention for coarctation after stage 1 reconstruction for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants on survival, suitability for Fontan, and morbidity at Fontan.

Methods: A retrospective review of echocardiograms, catheterizations, hospital records of patients who underwent stage 1 reconstruction from January 2002 to May 2005, with a cross-sectional analysis of hospital survivors, was performed. Kaplan-Meier curves were derived for patients alive more than 30 days after stage 1 reconstruction.

Results: A total of 176 patients underwent stage 1 reconstruction. Forty-three patients (23%) underwent balloon angioplasty (n = 43) or surgical intervention (n = 4) for re-coarctation. Median time to intervention was 123 (1-316) days. Seven of 43 patients (16%) underwent more than 1 balloon angioplasty.

“
“OBJECTIVE: We review our experience and technique for C1 lateral mass screw fixation. We compare the results of 3 different constructs incorporating C1 lateral mass screws: occipitocervical (OC) constructs, C1-C2 constructs, and C1 to mid/low cervical constructs.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 42 consecutive patients who underwent C1 lateral mass fixation by 2 of the authors (PVM and DC). The patient population consisted of 24 men and 18 women with a mean age of 64 years. Twenty-two patients had C1-C2 constructs. Twelve patients had constructs that started at C1 and extended to

DMXAA mouse the mid/low cervical spine (one extended to T1). Eight patients underwent OC fusions incorporating C1 screws (2 of which were OC-thoracic constructs). All constructs were combined either with a C2 pars screw (38 patients), C2 translaminar screw (1 patient), or C3 lateral mass screw (3 patients). No C2 pedicle screws were used. Fusion was assessed using flexion-extension x-rays in all patients and computed tomographic scans in selected cases. Clinical outcomes were assessed with preoperative

and postoperative visual analog scale neck pain scores and Nurick grading. The nuances of the surgical technique are reviewed, and a surgical video is included.

RESULTS: Lonafarnib Two patients (5%) were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up for the remaining patients was 2 years. During the follow-up period, there were 4 deaths (none of which were related to the surgery). For patients with follow-up, the visual analog scale neck pain score improved a mean of 3 points after surgery (P < .001). For patients with myelopathy, the Nurick score improved by a mean of 1 grade after surgery (P < .001). The postoperative complication rate was 12%. The complication rate was 38% in OC constructs, Inositol monophosphatase 1 17% in C1 to mid/low cervical constructs, and 0% for C1-C2 construct cases. Patients with OC constructs had the statistically highest rate of complications (P < .001). Patients with C1 to mid/low cervical constructs had more complications than those with C1-C2 constructs (P < .001). Of the 42 cases, there were 3 pseudoarthroses

(1 in an OC case, 1 in a C1 to midcervical construct, and 1 in a C1-C2 construct). OC constructs had the highest risk of pseudoarthrosis (13%) (P < .001).

CONCLUSION: Patients treated with C1 lateral mass fixation constructs have a high fusion rate, reduced neck pain, and improved neurologic function. Constructs using C1 lateral mass screws do not need to incorporate C2 pedicle screws. Constructs incorporating C1 lateral mass screws are effective when combined with C2 pars screws, C2 translaminar screws, and C3 lateral mass screws. Constructs using C1 screws are associated with a higher complication rate and a higher pseudoarthrosis rate if extended cranially to the occiput or if extended caudally below C2.”
“OBJECTIVE: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) remains a recondite entity.

Acute Mn exposure via intranasal instillation of 2-200 mu g MnCl2 solution caused a dose-dependent reduction in odorant-evoked neurotransmitter release, with significant effects at as little as 2 mu g MnCl2 and a 90% reduction compared to vehicle controls with a 200 mu g exposure. This reduction was also observed in response to direct electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve layer in the olfactory bulb, demonstrating that Mn’s action is occurring centrally, not peripherally. This is the selleck screening library first direct evidence that Mn intoxication can disrupt neurotransmitter release, and is consistent with previous work suggesting that chronic Mn exposure limits amphetamine-induced dopamine increases

in the basal ganglia despite normal levels

of dopamine synthesis (Guilarte et al., J Neurochem 2008). The commonality of Mn’s action between glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb and dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia suggests that a disruption of neurotransmitter release may be a general consequence wherever Mn accumulates in the brain and could underlie its pleiotropic effects. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Ribonuclease U2, secreted by the smut fungus Ustilago sphaerogena, is a cyclizing ribonuclease that displays a rather unusual specificity selleck within the group of microbial extracellular RNases, best represented by RNase T1. Superposition of the three-dimensional oxyclozanide structures of RNases T1 and U2 suggests that the RNase U2 His 101 would be the residue equivalent to the RNase T1 catalytically essential His 92. RNase U2 contains three disulfide bridges but only two of them are conserved among the family of fungal extracellular RNases. The non-conserved disulfide bond is established between Cys residues 1 and 54. Mispairing of the disulfide network due to the presence of two consecutive Cys residues

(54 and 55) has been invoked to explain the presence of wrongly folded RNase U2 species when produced in Pichia pastoris. In order to study both hypotheses, the RNase U2 H101Q and C1/54S variants have been produced, purified, and characterized. The results obtained support the major conclusion that His 10 1 is required for proper protein folding when secreted by the yeast A pastoris. On the other hand, substitution of the first Cys residue for Set results in a mutant version which is more efficiently processed in terms of a more complete removal of the yeast a-factor signal peptide. In addition, it has been shown that elimination of the Cys 1-Cys 54 disulfide bridge does not interfere with RNase U2 proper folding, generating a natively folded but much less stable protein. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if statin therapy improves clinical outcomes after endovascular intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

These results indicate that a short regimen of WM training is associated with lower prefrontal activation-a marker of neural efficiency-in divergent thinking. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: The bladder wall comprises a complex array of cells, including urothelium, smooth muscle, nerves and interstitial cells. Interstitial cells have several subtypes based

on site, morphology and differential expression of markers such as anti-vimentin and anti-KIT. We examined whether a subpopulation of interstitial cells immunopositive for PDGFR alpha exists in human and guinea pig bladders.

Materials and Methods: Human and guinea pig bladder tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and examined by bright field or confocal microscopy. Whole mount tissues and paraffin sections were https://www.selleckchem.com/products/go-6983.html labeled with antibodies to PDGFR alpha, vimentin, KIT and PGP9.5. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot.

Results: PDGFR alpha(+) cells were present in human and guinea pig bladders. In the guinea pig PDGFR alpha(+) cells had a branched stellate morphology and formed networks in the lamina propria. In human and guinea pig detrusors PDGFR alpha(+) cells were elongated

on the boundary of smooth Fedratinib ic50 muscle bundles or were seen as groups of stellate cells in the interbundle spaces. PDGFR alpha(+) cells were located close to nerves labeled by PGP9.5. Double labeling revealed that PDGFR alpha(+) cells were a subgroup of the vimentin(+)

population. A significant proportion of PDGFR alpha(+) cells were also KIT+. Bands corresponding Monoiodotyrosine to PDGFR alpha, KIT and vimentin proteins were detected on Western blot.

Conclusions: To our knowledge this study is the first to identify PDGFR alpha(+)/KIT+ cells in the bladder lamina propria and detrusor layers. These cells are a subgroup of the vimentin(+) population, showing the complexity of bladder interstitial cells. PDGFR alpha(+) cells are apparently structurally associated with intramural nerves, indicating integration with bladder control mechanisms.”
“Background. Previous studies have demonstrated a specific cognitive bias for sad stimuli in currently depressed patients; little is known, however, about whether this bias persists after recovery from the depressive episode. Depression is frequently observed in patients with asthma and is associated with a worse course of the disease. Given these high rates of co-morbidity, we could expect to observe a similar bias towards sad stimuli in patients with asthma.

Method. We therefore examined cognitive biases in memory and attention in 20 currently and 20 formerly depressed participants, 20 never-depressed patients diagnosed with asthma, and 20 healthy control participants.

The glycerol concentration increased directly throughout the ischemia time.

Conclusions: The trends of human interstitial metabolite concentrations during ischemia are similar to trends found in the porcine model. The human renal interstitial glycerol concentration increases directly throughout the duration of ischemia and serves as a marker of nephron damage. Microdialysis is a tool that provides real-time, renal unit specific, minimally invasive data on the metabolic status of the human kidney during ischemia. It may be helpful for avoiding Napabucasin supplier permanent renal ischemic injury.”
“Purpose: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor

superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, and its role in adipogenesis and glucose metabolism has been well established. PPAR-gamma

agonists have been shown to inhibit many cytokines and to have anti-inflammatory effects. In pathologic conditions, enhanced fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake is observed not only in malignant tumors but also in inflammatory lesions, and this uptake occurs through the glucose transporter in these cells. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of using PPAR-gamma’s glucose uptake ability as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between macrophage and tumor cells.

Materials and Methods: Cellular uptake studies were carried Out on macrophage and

two tumor cell lines for comparison by using F-18-FDG. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of both the glucose transporter and I BET 762 hexokinase protein. To confirm the possibility of differentiation between tumor and inflammatory lesions using rosiglitazone based on in vitro studies, F-18-FDG (3.7×10(6) Bq) uptake in A549 and RAW 264.7 xenograft mice was compared.

Results: The cellular uptake study findings were quite different for macrophages and tumor cells. F-18-FDG uptakes by macrophages decreased by about 60% but was increased twofold in tumor cells after rosiglitazone treatment. Moreover, Methocarbamol tile expressions of proteins related to glucose uptake correlated well with cellular glucose accumulation in both cell types. Higher tumor uptake was observed after the injection of rosiglitazone in A549 xenograft mice (1.58 +/- 0.55 to 4.66 +/- 1.16), but no significant change of F-18-FDG uptake was shown in RAW 264.7 xenograft mice (4.04 +/- 1.16 to 4.00 +/- 0.14).

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the roles of PPAR-gamma agonist on FDG uptake in macrophages and tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that rosiglitazone has the potential to increase the contrast between tumor and inflammatory lesions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Lithotriptors with 2 treatment heads deliver shock waves along separate paths.

Part I of this series introduces our technique of total resection and reports the immediate surgical results. Part II will analyze the long-term outcomes of both total and partial resection and identify the factors affecting outcome.

METHODS: From 1991 to 2006, Ivacaftor concentration 238 patients (age range, 2 months-72 years) with dorsal, transitional, and chaotic lipomas underwent

total or near-total lipoma resection and radical placode reconstruction. Eighty-four percent of the patients were children younger than 18 years and 16% were adults. The technique consisted of wide bony exposure, complete unhinging of the lateral adhesions of the lipoma-placode assembly from the inner dura, untethering of the terminal conus, radical resection of the fat off the neural plate along a white fibrous plane at the cord-lipoma interface, meticulous pia-to-pia Rabusertib research buy neurulation of the supple neural placode with microsutures, and expansile duraplasty with a bovine pericardial graft. Elaborate electrophysiological monitoring was used.

RESULTS: Three postoperative observations concern us. The first is that of the 238 patients, 138 (58%) had no residual fat on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging; 81 patients (36%) had less than 20 mm(3) of residual fat, the majority of which were small bits enclosed

by neurulation; and 19 patients (8%), mainly of the chaotic lipoma group, had more than 20 mm(3) of fat. There are no significant differences in the amount of residual fat among lipoma types, but redo lipomas are more likely than virgin (previously unoperated on) lipomas to have residual fat by a factor of 2 (P = 0.0214). The second concern is that the state of the reconstructed placode is objectively measured by the cord-sac ratio, obtained by dividing the sagittal diameter of the reconstructed neural tube by the sagittal diameter of the thecal sac. A total of 162 patients (68%) had cord-sac ratios less than 30% (low), 61 (25.6%) had ratios between 30% and 50% (medium), and only 15 (6.3%) had high ratios

of more than 50%. Seventy-four percent of patients with virgin lipomas had low cord-sac ratios compared with 56.3% in the redo lipoma patients. The overall distribution of cord-sac ratio is significantly different between redo and virgin lipomas (P much = 0.00376) but notamong lipoma types. Finally, the incidence of combined neurological and urological complications was 4.2%. The combined cerebrospinal fluid leak and wound infection/dehiscence incidence was 2.5%. Both sets of surgical morbidity compared favorably with the published rates reported for partial resection.

CONCLUSION: Total/near-total resection of spinal cord lipomas and complete reconstruction of the neural placode can be achieved with low surgical morbidity and a high yield of agreeable postoperative cord-sac relationship. Some large rambling transitional lipomas and most chaotic lipomas are the most difficult lesions to resect and tend to have less favorable results on postresection magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Seven healthy men were tested in a randomized and balanced order on 3 different conditions spaced 2 weeks apart. After a night of total SD (total SD), 4.5 h of sleep (partial SD) and a night with 7 h of regular sleep (regular sleep), subjects were exposed to a stepwise hypoglycemic clamp experiment. Reaction time (RT) and auditory evoked brain potentials (AEP) were assessed during a euglycemic baseline buy CP-868596 period and at the end of the clamp (blood glucose at 2.5

mmol/l).

Results: During the euglycemic baseline, amplitude of the P3 component of the AEP was lower after total SD than after partial SD (9.2 +/- 3.2 mu V vs. 16.6 +/- 2.9 mu V; t(6) = 3.2, P = 0.02) and regular sleep (20.2 +/- 2.1 mu V; t(6) = 18.8, P < 0.01). Reaction time was longer after total SD

in comparison to partial SD (367 +/- 45 ms vs. 304 +/- 36 ms; t(6) = 2.7, P = 0.04) and to regular sleep (322 +/- 36 ms; t(6) = 2.41, P = 0.06) while there was no difference between partial SD and regular sleep condition (t(6) = 0.60, P = 0.57). Hypoglycemia decreased P3 amplitude by 11.2 +/- 4.1 mu V in the partial SD condition (t(6) = 2.72, P = 0.04) and by 9.3 +/- 0.7 mu V in the regular sleep condition (t(6) = 12.51, P < 0.01), but did not further reduce P3 amplitude after total SD (1.8 +/- 3.9 mu V; t(6) = 0.46, P = 0.66). Thus, at the end of hypoglycemia P3 amplitudes were similar across the 3 conditions (F(2,10) = 0.89, P = Regorafenib in vivo 0.42). RI generally showed Geneticin ic50 a similar pattern with a significant prolongation due to hypoglycemia after partial SD (+42 +/- 12 ms; t(6) = 3.39, P = 0.02) and regular sleep (+37 +/- 10 ms; t(6) = 3.53, P = 0.01), but not after total SD (+15 +/- 16; t(6) = 0.97,

P = 0.37), resulting in similar values at the end of hypoglycemia (F(1,6) = 1.01, P= 0.36).

Conclusions: One night of total SD deteriorates neurocognitive function as reflected by indicators of attentive stimulus processing, but does not synergistically aggravate the impairing influence of acute hypoglycemia. The findings are not consistent with the view that neurocognitive deteriorations after SD result from challenged cerebral glucose metabolism. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viral adaptation through fixation of spontaneous mutations is an important factor potentially associated with reoccurrence of West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the New World. The emergence of new genetic variants of WNV represents an important public health issue because it may affect the sensitivity of WNV screening and diagnostic assays, as well as the development and efficacy of WNV vaccines and anti-viral drugs. A microarray assay was developed and optimized to enable simple monitoring of WNV genetic variability and rapid detection of any nucleotide mutations within the entire viral genome. The assay was validated using 11 WNV isolates from the 2007 and 2009 U.S. epidemics.

This article reviews the expanding body of literature on immune system mediators in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) in chronic PTSD along with the evidence for increased peripheral inflammation, and excess morbidity and mortality. AZD8931 mw CNS inflammation

has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. This literature is briefly reviewed, along with evidence for a possible role for CNS inflammation in PTSD symptoms, especially in individuals who have PTSD with co-morbid depression. Whether the immune system is involved in risk and resilience, or evolution of PTSD symptoms following a trauma event remains to be determined, although hypotheses have been advanced. This paper reviews the current evidence including the novel hypothesis that cellular immunity is implicated in PTSD risk AG-014699 order and resilience. Potential research implications and directions are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder’. Published by Elsevier

Ltd.”
“The 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak and subsequent laboratory studies demonstrated that the black-tailed prairie dog is susceptible to MPXV infection and that the ensuing rash illness is similar to human systemic orthopoxvirus (OPXV) infection, including a 7- to 9-day incubation period and, likely, in some cases a respiratory route of infection; these ROS1 features distinguish this model from others. The need for safe and efficacious vaccines for OPVX in areas where it is endemic or epidemic is important to protect an increasingly OPXV-naive population. In this study, we tested current and investigational smallpox vaccines for safety, induction of anti-OPXV antibodies, and protection against mortality and morbidity

in two MPXV challenges. None of the smallpox vaccines caused illness in this model, and all vaccinated animals showed anti-OPXV antibody responses and neutralizing antibody. We tested vaccine efficacy by challenging the animals with 105 or 106 PFU Congo Basin MPXV 30 days postvaccination and evaluating morbidity and mortality. Our results demonstrated that vaccination with either Dryvax or Acambis2000 protected the animals from death with no rash illness. Vaccination with IMVAMUNE also protected the animals from death, albeit with (modified) rash illness. Based on the results of this study, we believe prairie dogs offer a novel and potentially useful small animal model for the safety and efficacy testing of smallpox vaccines in pre- and postexposure vaccine testing, which is important for public health planning.

The committee issued three recommendations. Recommendation 1: In patients who need elective TEVAR where achievement of a proximal seal necessitates coverage of the left https://www.selleckchem.com/products/incb28060.html subclavian artery, we suggest routine preoperative revascularization, despite the very low-quality evidence (GRADE 2, level C). Recommendation 2: In selected patients who have an anatomy that compromises perfusion to critical organs, routine preoperative LSA revascularization is strongly recommended, despite the very low-quality evidence (GRADE 1,

level C). Recommendation 3: In patients who need urgent TEVAR for life-threatening acute aortic syndromes where achievement of a proximal seal necessitates coverage of the left subclavian artery, we suggest that revascularization should be individualized and

addressed expectantly on the basis of anatomy, urgency, and availability of surgical expertise (GRADE 2, level C). (J Vasc Surg 2009;50:1155-8.)”
“IN THIS REVIEW, we explain the origins of central cord syndrome and Bell’s cruciate paralysis and the intricate detail of neural pathways located in this region and their influence on motor and sensory function. Although lesion studies and tract tracing studies on primates over the past 50 years refute the theory of a somatotopically organized corticospinal tract, this concept continues to pervade many neuroanatomic texts. We categorized the various pathologies of GSK2245840 the craniovertebral junction and their unique neurologic presentations. New developments in the fields of neuroscience of spinal tract lesioning are also discussed.”
“Objectives. Thoracic endografts (stent grafts) have emerged as a less invasive modality to treat various thoracic aortic lesions. The intentional coverage of the left

subclavian artery (LSA) during the placement of these endografts is associated with several complications including stroke, spinal cord ischemia, and arm ischemia. In this review, We synthesize the available evidence regarding the complications associated with LSA coverage.

Methods. We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) from January 1990 through February 2008 Methane monooxygenase for studies that included patients who received thoracic endografts and had intentional LSA coverage. Eligible studies had a control group that either received the endograft without LSA coverage or had primary revascularization prior to coverage. Two independent reviewers determined trial eligibility and extracted descriptive, methodological and outcome data from each eligible study. Meta-analyses estimated Peto odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to describe the strength of association between coverage and complications; the V statistic described the proportion of inconsistency of treatment effect among studies not due to chance.

Results. We found 51 eligible observational studies. LSA coverage was associated with significant increase in the risk of arm ischemia (OR 47.7; CI, 9.9-229.

001). Left ventricular surgical remodeling was sustained at 6 months: end-diastolic volume decreased from 246 +/- 70 to 180 +/- 48 mL and end-systolic volume from 173 +/- 77 to 103 +/- 40 mL (both P < .001). Left ventricular dyssynchrony decreased from 29% +/- 6% to 26% +/- 3% (P < .001) and ineffective internal flow fraction decreased from 58% +/- 30% to 42% +/- 18% (P < .005). Early relaxation (Tau, minimal rate of pressure change) was unchanged, but diastolic stiffness constant

increased from 0.012 www.selleckchem.com/products/dabrafenib-gsk2118436.html +/- 0.003 to 0.023 +/- 0.007 mL(-1) (P < .001).

Conclusions: Surgical ventricular restoration with additional restrictive mitral annuloplasty and/or coronary artery bypass grafting leads to sustained left ventricular volume reduction at 6 months’ follow-up. We observed improved systolic function and unchanged early diastolic function but impaired passive diastolic properties. Clinical improvement, supported by decreased New York Heart Association class, improved quality-of-life score, and improved 6-minute hall-walk

test may be related to improved systolic function, reduced mechanical dyssynchrony, and reduced wall stress. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Selleckchem AZ 628 2010;140:1338-44)”
“Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists are currently being investigated for the possible therapeutic use in various cognitive deficits such as those in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer’s disease. Our previous studies suggest a role for H3Rs in ethanol-related behaviors in rat and mice. Here we have examined the role of different H3R ligands on the effects of ethanol in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, stimulation Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase of locomotor activity and motor impairment in rotarod and balance beam in male DBA/2J mice. We found that H3R antagonists ciproxifan and JNJ-10181457 inhibited the ethanol-evoked

CPP whereas H3R agonist immepip did not alter ethanol-induced place preference. Acute stimulatory response by ethanol was also modulated by H3R ligands. Ciproxifan increased ethanol activation when ethanol was given 1 g/kg but not at 1.5 g/kg dose. Immepip pretreatment diminished ethanol stimulation and increased motor-impairing effects of ethanol on the balance beam. In conclusion, these findings give further evidence of the involvement of H3R in the regulation of the effects of ethanol. The inhibition of ethanol reward by H3R antagonism implies that H3R might be a possible target to suppress compulsory ethanol seeking.

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Trends in Neuropharmacology: In Memory of Erminio Costa’. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: This study investigates the impact of diabetes on myocardium in the setting of acute ischemia-reperfusion in a porcine model.

Methods: In normoglycemic (ND group) and alloxan-induced diabetic (DM group) male Yucatan pigs, the left anterior descending coronary artery territory was made ischemic and then reperfused.